城市三维空间形态的热环境效应研究进展

城市的三维空间形态,通过影响地表能量平衡过程和空气流动,改变城市内部热环境,并可能加剧城市热岛效应。在三维空间上定量解析格局-过程-效应关系对于城市生态安全和可持续发展具有重要意义,可为城市生态规划与景观设计提供重要科学依据。从城市三维形态的热环境效应研究角度,综述了城市三维形态的定量化研究进展;总结了城市三维形态对热环境以及空气流动、太阳辐射等过程的影响;分析了当前城市三维形态的热环境效应研究领域存在的不足。未来的研究应注重建筑与植被三维特征的综合表征,三维形态指标的选择应综合考虑其对设计规划的指导作用,并加强城市三维形态对热环境影响机理及其尺度效应的研究。

Effects of urban three-dimensional morphology on thermal environment: a review

Urban expansion in the vertical dimension affects the atmospheric transmission and energy balance at both local and city scales, and thus alters urban thermal environment such as intensifying the urban heat island effect. Understanding how three-dimensional morphology affects urban climate dynamics is crucial for urban sustainable development and managing our landscapes. This paper presents a comprehensive review on how urban three-dimensional morphology affects land surface and air temperatures in urban areas. We first reviewed the current states and trends in quantification of urban 3D morphology, with a particular emphasis on previous studies that focused on the effects of urban 3D morphology on urban thermal environments. We then summarized how urban 3D morphology affects land surface and air temperatures in urban areas by reviewing existing studies. We found that sky view factor (SVF) and street height/wide ratio (H/W) were the two most frequently used, and important 3D morphological indicators that significantly impact thermal environments. Based on the review of the existing studies, we suggested a few future directions:1) choosing and/or developing 3D indicators that can more comprehensively reflect the true 3D morphology of urban areas, and more planning and designing relevant. For example, 3D indicators shall consider the effects of trees, rather than buildings and roads alone. Additionally, when choosing or developing indicators, their relevance to urban planning and design shall be considered. 2) Future research shall be more focused on the mechanism on how urban 3D morphology affects urban thermal environments, as existing studies mostly focused on the statistical relationship between them. 3) Cross-city comparisons are highly desirable.