Lateral input of particulate organic matter from bank slopes surpasses direct litter fall in the uppermost reaches of a headwater stream in Hokkaido, Japan |
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Authors: | Kaori Kochi Yoshio Mishima Akiko Nagasaka |
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Institution: | (1) Hokkaido Institute of Technology, 7-15-4-1 Maeda, Teine-ku, Sapporo 006-8585, Japan;(2) Hokkaido Forestry Research Institute, Koshunai, Bibai 079-0198, Japan;(3) Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakuraku, Saitama Saitama, 338-8570, Japan |
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Abstract: | In forested streams, surrounding riparian forests provide essential supplies of organic matter to aquatic ecosystems. We focused
on two pathways of particulate organic matter inputs: direct input from upper riparian forests and indirect lateral input
from bank slopes, for which there are limited quantitative data. We investigated the inputs of coarse particulate organic
matter (CPOM) and carbon and nitrogen in the CPOM into the uppermost reaches of a headwater stream with steep bank slopes
in Hokkaido, Japan. CPOM collected by litter traps was divided into categories (e.g., leaves, twigs) and weighed. Monthly
nitrogen and carbon inputs were also estimated. The annual direct input of CPOM (ash-free dry mass) was 472 g m−2, a common value for temperate riparian forests. The annual lateral CPOM input was 353 g m−1 and 941 g m−2 when they were converted to area base. This value surpassed the direct input. Organic matter that we could not separate from
inorganic sediments contributed to the total lateral input from the bank slopes (124 g m−1); this organic matter contained relatively high amounts of nitrogen and carbon. At uppermost stream reaches, the bank slope
would be a key factor to understanding the carbon and nitrogen pathways from the surrounding terrestrial ecosystem to the
aquatic ecosystem. |
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Keywords: | |
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