大鼠肌卫星细胞移植失神经骨骼肌的形态学观测

目的探讨大鼠肌卫星细胞移植能否延缓失神经骨骼肌萎缩。方法将16只成年Wistar大鼠分为实验组与对照组，两组均切断大鼠右后肢胫神经，建立腓肠肌失神经动物模型。实验组：将体外培养的同种异体肌卫星细胞悬液0．2mL缓慢注射到失神经腓肠肌内、外侧头中；对照组：则缓慢注射等量的生理盐水于相同部位。术后第4周，采用肌湿重、肌纤维横截面积形态学观测的方法，检测失神经骨骼肌的萎缩变化情况。结果成功地对成年大鼠肌卫星细胞进行了分离、纯化、鉴定、培养和移植。发现实验组与对照组相比，失神经腓肠肌湿重残存率（由手术侧与自身健侧的肌湿重测定值之比得出）：实验组为0．48±0．050，对照组为0．33±0．059，二者存在显著性差异（P〈0．01）；腓肠肌纤维横截面积残存率（由手术侧与自身健侧的肌纤维横截面积测定值之比得出）：实验组为0．58±0．011，对照组为0．50±0．018，二者存在显著性差异（P〈0．01）。结论本实验表明将肌卫星细胞异体移植到失神经骨骼肌内可明显延缓骨骼肌的萎缩进程，为再生神经到达靶器官提供较多的时间，进而为解决再生神经延伸到靶器官前，靶器官已发生不可逆性萎缩，严重制约再生神经效果的临床难题提供一个新的研究思路。

Morphological Observation on Denervated Skeletal by Transplantation of Skeletal Muscle by Transplantation of Satellite Cell in Rats

Objective To explore if the muscle satellite cells in rats can delay the skeleton muscular dystrophy. Method 16 rats were randomly assigned into two groups, the experimental group and the control group. The tibial nerve of the right leg of each rat was cut with 1 cm lesion. And thus the modle of denervated skeletal muscle was made. Equal amount（0.2 mL）of muscle satellite cell suspension or physiological saline were injected slowly into the medial head and lateral head of the denervated gastrocnemius of the experimental group and the control group respectively. Four weeks after transplantation, Atrophy process of denervated skeletal muscle in both groups was measured by means of observing muscle wet weight and muscle fibre cross section area. Results The muscle satellite cells were successfully separated, purified, identified, cultured and transplanted. The difference of the remnant rate of denervated muscle wet weight between two groups was as statistically significant （ P 〈 0.01 ） as that of the remmant rate of muscle fibre cross section area （ P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion In this research, it was demonstrated that transplantation of rat muscle satellite cells into denervated muscle can maintain the muscular tension, and thus alleviate the rate of atrophy of skeleton muscle, and help the recovery of the muscle＇ s function. This may provide a clinical effective way to prevent and treat denervated skeleton muscular dystrophy.