实验性动脉粥样硬化模型复合建模的方法及评价

目的建立一种利用复合因素制备兔动脉粥样硬化模型的实验方法。方法完全随机方法将24只日本大耳白兔分为对照组（8只）和实验组（16只）,对照组予普通饲料,实验组用大剂量高脂饲料饲喂加以注射胎牛血清白蛋白和球囊拉伤进行干预,饲养10周。测定血清胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白含量,主动脉切片进行病理形态学观察,测量斑块面积占内膜的百分比及内膜厚度及内膜面积等。结果实验组血清胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白水平显著升高（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。主动脉斑块形成,有典型“纤维帽”,斑块面积占内膜面积的53.6%±10.5%,相应的对照组未出现以上类似的变化。其主动脉弓、胸主动脉及腹主动脉的内膜厚度、内膜与中膜厚度比和内膜面积与内膜中膜面积的比值实验组都相应的高于对照组（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。结论用高脂饲料加以静脉注射胎牛血清白蛋白和球囊拉伤因素在短时间内可诱发兔动脉粥样硬化,此方法具有一定可行性,可控程度高、易重复。能够更好地模仿人动脉粥样硬化的发病机制,并有助于进一步阐明不稳定斑块的机制。

Establishment and Evaluation on Athesclerotic Plaque Model by Compound Factor

Objective To establish an empirical method about making the rabbit athesclerotic plaque model by compound factors. Methods Japanese great ear albino rabbit were randomly divided into control group （8） and experiment group （16）. Control group were fed with common animal feed, experiment group were fed with high fatty forage and injected the Albumin Bovine fraction V and their aorta were injuried by balloon. After ten weeks, all the rabbits were sacrificed. Then, measuring the serum total cholesterol（TC）, triglyceride （TG）,low density lipoprotein（LDL） and the morphological characters of pathological changes of the carotids were observed and thickening degree and area of the aorta endomembrane was measured. Result In experiment group the serum total cholesterol （TC）, triglyceride （TG）and low density lipoprotein （LDL） levels show significant step up （P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01 ）and form rabbit athesclerotic plaque with typical fiber hat. Comparing experiment group with control group, the ratio of the area of plaque to endomembrane,intima thickness （IT）, the ratio of aortic intima thickness to tunica media （IT/MT） and ratio of the area of the aorta intima to that of the aorta intima and tuniea media that is intima hyperplasy index （IHI）, all of these level increased （ P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01 ） ;only media thickness （MT） has little changed. These results indicated the success of making the rabbit athesclerotic plaque model by compound factors. Conclusion The method of composite factors making model, high cholesterol diet, intravenous injection of Albumin Bovine fraction and artery balloon injury, which is accurately controlled and easily repeated, can induct rabbit atherosclerosis in a short time, imitate mechanism of human AS and contribute to further demonstrate the mechanism of the plaque.