大鼠、小鼠辨证的思路与方法

辨证论治是中医学的特色和优势,为开展辨证论治的研究与发展,我国业已发展出百余种证侯动物模型,起到了积极的作用。本文在扼要回顾存在的问题和研究进展后,以气虚证为例,介绍了大鼠和小鼠辨证的思路与方法：（1）人类与大鼠、小鼠气虚证候的比较。研究表明,大鼠、小鼠的气虚表现与人类十分近似,是可以模拟人类气虚辨证的方法和思路,给大鼠、小鼠辨证的。（2）大鼠、小鼠气虚的计量化辨证。标准化和计量化辨证涉及4个基本问题,即如何计量化采集四诊指标、如何计量化辨证、如何确定辨证的标准和阈值,以及如何判断证候及其改善的程度。为此,我们借鉴药理行为学检测技术,比较了悬尾不动、抖笼、旷场、抓力等方法,最终确定旷场和抓力作为气虚证的计量化四诊指标,建立气虚程度/指数计算公式：气虚程度/指数=各动物抓力实测值/正常组均数×0.5＋各动物水平移动实测值/正常组均数×0.3＋各动物直立次数/正常组均数×0.2,以及气虚辨证的入选标准和阈值。通过大量、重复的实验检测与应用,证明以上方法和辨证标准是可行的,而且初步证明气虚证在神经-内分泌-免疫网络有其广泛的基因表达与剪接改变的基础。目前已初步实现大鼠、小鼠常见虚证标准化、计量化的四诊检测和辨证,该方法和技术可以动态跟踪疾病动物证候的演变,评价辨证论治疗效,还可以广泛用于病-证结合的动物实验研究,辨证论治治疗方案的实验优化和评价,中药、中药有效成分和方剂药性的判断等,适用于中医基础、药理、诊断、临床等各中医药学科的研发工作。

Thoughts and Methods of Syndrome Differentiation on Rats and Mice

Syndrome differentiation and treatment is the feature and advantage of traditional Chinese medicine.Hundreds of syndrome animal models were made out and have played an active role in carrying out and developing the research.After reviewing the problems and progress in this article briefly,qi deficiency is chosen to introduce the thoughts and methods of syndrome differentiation on rat and mouse.First,the qi deficiency syndrome comparison of human with rats and mice.Our research told that the qi deficiency syndrome of rat and mice is very similar to that of human,so we can simulate the thoughts and methods of syndrome differentiation on human.Secondly,the quantitative syndrome differentiation on qi deficiency syndrome of rats and mice.Four basic problems were involved in the Standardization and measurementize of syndrome differentiation including how to collect quantitative four diagnostic indexes,how to realize quantitative syndrome differentiation,how to determine the standard and threshold of syndrome differentiation and how to judge the syndrome and its improvement degree.By using detection technique of pharmacological behavior for reference,we compared the four test of mice tail suspension,jiggle-cage,open field and grasping force,then selected the last two as the quantitative four diagnostic index of qi deficiency syndrome,we determined the qi deficiency degree or index formula,the inclusion criteria and threshold of this kind of deficiency syndrome.The formula is：deficiency degree or index equal to the sum of three values below,each sample＇s grasping force value divided by the normal group and multiplied by 0.5,each sample＇s horizontal movement value divided by the normal group and multiplied by 0.3,and each sample＇s vertical movement value divided by the normal group and multiplied by 0.2.Many repeated experiments were taken and improved the feasibility of syndrome differentiation methods and standard,widely gene expression and splicing changes were found preliminarily existed in body nerve-endocrine-immunological network of qi deficiency syndrome.The standardized quantitative four diagnostic detection and syndrome differentiation method on the common deficiency syndrome of rats and mice have been realized preliminarily,which can be used in tracking the syndrome evolution of disease animal and evaluate the efficacy of treatment based on syndrome differentiation,in animal experiments of combination of disease and syndrome widely,in the experiment optimization and evaluation of treatment protocols base on syndrome differentiation,in the judgment of Chinese medicine,effective constituents and herbal nature,etc.The thoughts and methods are suitable for the research and development work in TCM basic,pharmacology,diagnose,clinic and other TCM science.