The antiviral protein viperin is a radical SAM enzyme

Viperin, an interferon-inducible antiviral protein, is shown to bind an iron-sulfur cluster, based on iron analysis as well as UV-Vis and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopic data. The reduced protein contains a 4Fe-4S]¹⁺ cluster whose g-values are altered upon addition of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), consistent with SAM coordination to the cluster. Incubation of reduced viperin with SAM results in reductive cleavage of SAM to produce 5′-deoxyadenosine (5′-dAdo), a reaction characteristic of the radical SAM superfamily. The 5′-dAdo cleavage product was identified by a combination of HPLC and mass spectrometry analysis.