Glycosphingolipids in microdomain formation and their spatial organization |
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Authors: | Garima Gupta |
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Affiliation: | a Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India b National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110 067, India |
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Abstract: | Plasma membranes regulate the influx and efflux of molecules across themselves and are also responsible for primary signal transduction between cells or within the same cell. Presence of lateral heterogeneity and the ability of reorganization are essential requirements for effective functioning of biomembranes. Lipid rafts are small, heterogeneous, dynamic domains enriched in glycosphingolipids, sphingomyelin and cholesterol, and profoundly influence membrane organization. Glycosphingolipids are inclined towards formation of liquid-ordered phases in membranes, both with and without cholesterol; they are therefore prime players in domain formation. Here, we discuss the role of glycosphingolipids in microdomain formation and their spatial organization within these rafts. |
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Keywords: | ld, liquid-disordered lc, liquid-crystalline lo, liquid-ordered phase DRM, detergent-resistant membrane DIGs, detergent-insoluble glycolipid-enriched complexes GEMs, glycolipid-enriched membranes LDTIs, low-density Triton insoluble complexes GPI, glycophosphatidylinositol RCA1, Ricinus communis agglutinin LacCer, lactosylceramides CTL, cholestatrienol tPA, trans-parinaric acid DPPC, 1,2-di-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine GUVs, giant unilamellar vesicles AFM, atomic force microscopy DLPC, 1,2-di-lauroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine DOPC, 1,2-di-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine POPC, 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine PSM, palmitoyl sphingomyelin DPH, diphenylhexatriene FTIR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy SMS, sphingomyelin synthase |
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