Lysosomal degradation of membrane lipids |
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Authors: | Thomas Kolter |
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Affiliation: | LiMES - Life and Medical Sciences Institute, Membrane Biology and Lipid Biochemistry Unit, c/o Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany |
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Abstract: | The constitutive degradation of membrane components takes place in the acidic compartments of a cell, the endosomes and lysosomes. Sites of lipid degradation are intralysosomal membranes that are formed in endosomes, where the lipid composition is adjusted for degradation. Cholesterol is sorted out of the inner membranes, their content in bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate increases, and, most likely, sphingomyelin is degraded to ceramide. Together with endosomal and lysosomal lipid-binding proteins, the Niemann-Pick disease, type C2-protein, the GM2-activator, and the saposins sap-A, -B, -C, and -D, a suitable membrane lipid composition is required for degradation of complex lipids by hydrolytic enzymes. |
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Keywords: | BMP, bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate ESCRT, endosomal sorting complexes required for transport FRET, fluorescence or Fö rster resonance energy transfer GM1, GM2, GM3, ganglioside-nomenclature according to Svennerholm, compare Fig. 1 for structures GSL, glycosphingolipid LLBPs, lysosomal lipid-binding proteins MVBs, multivesicular bodies NBD, 4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazol NPC1, Niemann-Pick disease, type C1-protein NPC2, Niemann-Pick disease, type C2-protein ORP, oxysterol binding protein-related protein PAF, platelet activating factor PtdIns, phosphatidylinositol sap, saposin SAP, sphingolipid activator protein (GM2-activator, sap-A-sap-D) SCP-2, sterol carrier protein-2 sn1, sn2, stereospecific numbering of glycerolipids according to IUPAC |
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