马尾松人工林发育过程中的养分动态

为了解马尾松人工林不同发育时期的养分动态,利用空间代替时间的方法对7、17、31和51年生4个年龄阶段的马尾松人工林养分积累、分配及循环进行了研究.结果表明:马尾松人工林发育过程中,生物量积累与养分积累具有不同步性,从17年生到51年生,生物量积累增长速率是N、P、K、Ca和Mg积累增长速率的3.3、5.4、3.3、3.7和9.8倍;各器官中养分的分配与养分库增长速率有关,随着林龄的增长,树干养分的比重和养分的根冠比增大;单位养分生产的干物质量随林龄增长而提高,51年生时林分的养分循环系数较高,具有低存留、高归还的特点,养分利用效率最高.缩短轮伐期降低了养分高效利用的机会.为维持林地的长期生产力,建议将马尾松人工林轮伐期延长到50年以上,同时降低收获强度.

Dynamics of nutrients in an age sequence of Pinus massoniana plantation

By using a chronosequence approach, this paper studied the nutrients accumulation, allocation, and cycling in 7-, 17-, 31-, and 51-year-old Masson pine plantations, aimed to analyze the dynamics of nutrients in Masson pine plantation at its different developmental stages. The results showed that 1) nutrient accumulation was not synchronized with biomass accumulation, with the accumulation rate of biomass being 3.3, 5.4, 3.3, 3.7, and 9.8 times of that of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg from age 17 to 51, respectively, 2) nutrient allocation to a specific component was related to the growth rate of the nutrient pool in the component, and the nutrient allocation to stem as well as the ratio of nutrient allocation to root/shoot increased with plantation age, and 3) the biomass production per unit nutrient, i. e., nutrient use efficiency, and the nutrient cycling coefficient also increased with plantation age, being higher for 51-year-old plantation than for younger plantations, suggesting that shortening the rotation length could reduce the possibility to raise the nutrient use efficiency. It was suggested that both extending the current rotation length to as long as 50 years and reducing the harvest intensity could be helpful to conserve the nutrients and to maintain long-term productivity.