连作对白肋烟根际土壤细菌群落多样性的影响

以种植白肋烟1年、2年和4年的土壤为研究对象,采用末端限制性片段长度多态性(T-RFLP)技术分析根际土壤细菌群落的动态变化.结果表明:白肋烟根际土壤细菌群落香农指数和丰富度指数随着种植年限的增加呈现出先增后减的趋势,连作4年后细菌群落的多样性水平显著降低,细菌群落结构较单一.随着种植年限的增加,根际土壤细菌群落与对照的相似性指数逐渐降低.种植年限为1年、2年的土壤和对照土壤中放线菌门放线菌纲是优势类群,种植年限为4年的土壤中放线菌纲所占的比例下降,而厚壁菌门的芽孢杆菌纲成为优势类群.白肋烟连作使根际鞘氨醇单胞菌属和链霉菌属等益生菌数量减少、蜡状芽孢杆菌等潜在致病菌增加,破坏了烟草根际土壤微生物群落的平衡,使其微生态环境恶化.

Diversity of bacterial community in rhizosphere soils under effects of continuously planting burley tobacco

By using T-RFLP approach, this paper studied the dynamic changes of bacterial community in the rhizosphere soils under continuously planting burley tobacco for 1, 2 and 4 years. With the increasing of continuous planting years, the Shannon index and Margalef index of bacterial community in the rhizosphere soils decreased after an initial increase. After 4-year continuous planting, the diversity of the bacterial community decreased significantly, and the community structure became simple. The similarity coefficient of the bacterial community in the rhizosphere soils of continuously planting burley tobacco for 1 and 2 years and of the control was decreased with increasing year of continuous planting. Actinobacteria were predominant in the soils under 1 and 2 years continuous planting and in the control, but decreased in the soil continuously planted with burley tobacco for 4 years, in which, Bacilli of Firmicute was the dominant. It was suggested that continuously planting burley tobacco could result in the decrease of beneficial microbes such as Sphingomonas and Streptomyces while increase the species of pathogenic bacteria such as Bacillus cereus in rhizosphere soil, which in return, could lead to the imbalance of bacterial community and deteriorate the micro-ecological conditions in rhizosphere soil.