海河流域农田生态系统环境损益分析

根据生态系统服务的内涵，建立了海河流域农田生态系统服务功能评价指标体系，并利用市场价值法、影子工程法和机会成本法等，定量评价了海河流域农田生态系统服务的经济价值和农田环境成本.结果表明：2005年，海河流域农田生态系统环境效益总价值为1802.64亿元；其中，调节功能的价值（794.16亿元）占44.06%，支持功能的价值（1008.48亿元）占55.94%，提供产品和文化功能未进行核算.从不同的功能类型来看，其价值量大小依次为释氧>涵养水源>营养元素循环>土壤保持>废弃物净化>环境净化>固碳>秸秆还田.2005年，海河流域化肥流失和温室气体排放的环境成本较大，为422.93亿元.其中，化肥流失量为427.42×10⁴ t，成本为151.91亿元；产生的温室气体折算为CO₂的量为3599.65×10⁴ t，成本为271.02亿元.

Environmental benefit-loss analysis of agro-ecosystem in Haihe River basin,China

According to the connotation of ecosystem services, an evaluation index system for the agro-ecosystem services in the Haihe River basin of China was established, and the economic value of the agro-ecosystem services and environmental costs were evaluated by the methods of market valuation, shadow price, and opportunity cost. In 2005, the total environmental benefit value of the agro-ecosystem services in the basin was 180.264 billion RMB, with the regulation value of 79.416 billion RMB (44.06%) and the supporting value of 100.848 billion RMB (55.94%). Provision and cultural services were not considered in this research. From the viewpoint of functional type, the ecosystem services value from high to low was in the order of oxygen release > water conservation > nutrient cycling > soil conservation > waste purification > environmental purification > carbon sequestration > straw returning. The environmental costs of the agro-ecosystem were quite high (42.293 billion RMB), among which, fertilizer loss was 427.42×10⁴ t, equivalent to 15.191 billion RMB, and greenhouse gases production was calculated as 3599.65×10⁴ t CO₂, equivalent to 27.102 billion RMB.