Differential TLR2 downstream signaling regulates lipid metabolism and cytokine production triggered by Mycobacterium bovis BCG infection |
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Authors: | Patrí cia E. Almeida,Natá lia R. Roque,Kelly G. Magalhã es,Katherine A. Mattos,Livia Teixeira,Clarissa Maya-Monteiro,Cecí lia J. Almeida,Hugo C. Castro-Faria-Neto,Bernhard Ryffel,Valé rie F.J. Quesniaux,Patrí cia T. Bozza |
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Affiliation: | 1. Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil;2. Laboratório de Microbiologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil;3. Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil;4. National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), UMR7355, Orleans, France;5. Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of Orleans, France;6. Laboratório de Imunologia e Inflamação, Universidade de Brasilia, UNB, Brasilia, Brazil |
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Abstract: | The nuclear receptor PPARγ acts as a key modulator of lipid metabolism, inflammation and pathogenesis in BCG-infected macrophages. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in PPARγ expression and functions during infection are not completely understood. Here, we investigate signaling pathways triggered by TLR2, the involvement of co-receptors and lipid rafts in the mechanism of PPARγ expression, lipid body formation and cytokine synthesis in macrophages during BCG infection. BCG induces NF-κB activation and increased PPARγ expression in a TLR2-dependent manner. Furthermore, BCG-triggered increase of lipid body biogenesis was inhibited by the PPARγ antagonist GW9662, but not by the NF-κB inhibitor JSH-23. In contrast, KC/CXCL1 production was largely dependent on NF-κB but not on PPARγ. BCG infection induced increased expression of CD36 in macrophages in vitro. Moreover, CD36 co-immunoprecipitates with TLR2 in BCG-infected macrophages, suggesting its interaction with TLR2 in BCG signaling. Pretreatment with CD36 neutralizing antibodies significantly inhibited PPARγ expression, lipid body formation and PGE2 production induced by BCG. Involvement of CD36 in lipid body formation was further confirmed by decreased BCG-induced lipid body formation in CD36 deficient macrophages. Similarly, CD14 and CD11b/CD18 blockage also inhibited BCG-induced lipid body formation, whereas TNF-α synthesis was not affected. Disruption of rafts recapitulates the latter result, inhibiting lipid body formation, but not TNF-α synthesis in BCG-infected macrophages. In conclusion, our results suggest that CD36-TLR2 cooperation and signaling compartmentalization within rafts, divert host response signaling through PPARγ-dependent and NF-κB-independent pathways, leading to increased macrophage lipid accumulation and down-modulation of macrophage response. |
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Keywords: | ADRP, adipose differentiation related protein BCG, Bacillus Calmette Gué rin IL, interleukin NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB Mβ-CD, methyl-β-cyclodextrin PAMP, pathogen-associated molecular patterns PGE2, prostaglandin E2 PPARγ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma TLR, Toll-like receptor |
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