石蒜绵粉蚧在七种多肉植物上的生物学特性

【目的】石蒜绵粉蚧Phenacoccus solani是近年来新入侵我国并严重为害多肉类植物且具检疫重要性的害虫。本研究旨在明确石蒜绵粉蚧在不同多肉植物上生存和繁殖的差异，了解其在我国的潜在危害性。【方法】选取景天科、番杏科、马齿苋科和百合科4科7属7种不同多肉植物(长生草Sempervivumtecrum、黑法师Aeonium arboreum、熊童子Cotyledon tomentosa、姬胧月Graptopetalumparaguayuense、曲玉Lithops pseudotruncatella、松锦之吹雪Anacampseros telephiastrum、姬玉露Haworthia cooperi var. truncata)于人工气候箱中(25±1℃，RH 70%±5%，光周期14L∶10D)饲养石蒜绵粉蚧，观察记录其生长发育、存活、繁殖等生物学特性，并构建了实验种群生命表。同时，在浙江杭州、嘉兴、湖州和金华的多肉植物种植大棚调查了石蒜绵粉蚧的发生情况。【结果】石蒜绵粉蚧在松锦之吹雪和姬玉露这2种多肉植物上不能完成发育周期，在其他5种多肉植物上能完成世代发育，其中1龄和2龄若虫死亡率较高，3龄若虫后大都能发育至成虫并繁殖产卵。该虫在姬胧月和黑法师上死亡率最低，产卵量和F₁代卵孵化率最高，在熊童子和曲玉上的死亡率最高，产卵量和F₁代卵孵化率最低。实验种群生命表参数中，取食姬胧月和黑法师的石蒜绵粉蚧净增殖率、内禀增长率和周限增长率最高，种群加倍时间最短，而在曲玉和熊童子上取食的净增殖率、内禀增长率和周限增长率最低，种群加倍时间最长。大棚调查发现，石蒜绵粉蚧在景天、番杏、仙人掌、百合和马齿苋5科24属87种多肉植物上均有不同程度的发生。【结论】测试的7种多肉植物中，姬胧月和黑法师最适于石蒜绵粉蚧的生长、发育和繁殖，长生草次之;石蒜绵粉蚧1龄和2龄若虫期抵抗力弱是其防治的关键时期。石蒜绵粉蚧可取食的多肉植物种类繁多，流通性大，容易造成该虫害的传播蔓延，因此在多肉植物引种时需高度重视其潜在风险和危害。

Biological characteristics of the solanum mealybug,Phenacoccus solani (Hemiptera:Coccoidea), on seven succulent plants

【Aim】 The solanum mealybug, Phenacoccus solani (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), isan important invasive insect pest on succulent plants newly discovered and recorded inChina in recent years. This study aims to ascertain the differences in the survival andreproduction of P. solani on different succulents and its potential damage in China.【Methods】 Seven representative succulents of seven genera of Aizoaceae, Crassulaceae,Liliaceae, and Portulacaceae, including Sempervivum tecrum, Aeonium arboreum, Cotyledontomentosa, Graptopetalum paraguayuense, Lithops pseudotruncatella, Anacampserostelephiastrum and Haworthia cooperi var. truncata, were chosen as host plants to cultivateP. solani in an environmental chamber (25±1℃, RH 70%±5%, and photoperiod 14L∶10D). Weobserved and recorded the biological characteristics of P. solani on these host plants,built the experimental population life table, and surveyed its occurrence in the succulentplant production greenhouses in Hangzhou, Jiaxing, Huzhou and Jinhua cities of ZhejiangProvince, eastern China. 【Results】 P. solani could not complete the growth anddevelopment on A. telephiastrum and H. cooperi var. truncata, but could complete the wholelife cycle on the other five succulents. The 1st and 2nd instar nymphs of P. solani hadhigh mortality rates, but almost all the nymphs after the 3rd instar could develop intoadults and reproduce. P. solani fed on A. arboretum and G. paraguayuense had the lowestmortality rate, the highest oviposition amount and the highest egg hatching rate of F₁generation. In contrast, P. solani on C. tomentosa and L. pseudotruncatella had the highestmortality rate and the lowest oviposition amount and egg hatching rate of F₁ generation.With respect to the life table parameters, the net reproductive rate, intrinsic rate ofincrease and finite rate of increase of P. solani on A. arboretum and G. paraguayuense werethe highest, and the population doubling time on the two succulent plants was the shortest.However, the net reproductive rate, intrinsic rate of increase and finite rate of increaseof P. solani on L. pseudotruncatella and C. tomentosa were the lowest, but the populationdoubling time on the two succulent plants was the longest. Greenhouse survey revealed thatP. solani had different levels of occurrence on 87 succulent species of 24 genera of 5families (Crassulaceae, Aizoaceae, Cactaceae, Liliaceae and Portulacaceae). 【Conclusion】Among the seven succulent plants tested, A. arboretum and G. paraguayuense are the mostsuitable plants for the growth, development and reproduction of P. solani, followed by S.tecrum. The 1st and 2nd instar nymphs are the key stages for control of P. solani. Thisinsect can feed on various succulent species and be transferred widely, easily resulting inits spread and outbreak. So it is necessary to attach great importance to its potentialrisks in the introduction and cultivation of succulents.