Nutrient translocation from green algal symbionts to the freshwater sponge Ephydatia fluviatilis

The symbiosis between the freshwater sponge Ephydatia fluviatilis and a chlorella-like green alga is not obligate and only occurs when the sponge grows in the light. The algae accumulate intracellular pools of sucrose and glucose and translocate between 9 and 17% of the total photosynthate to the host. The principal product translocated is glucose which is fed directly into the sponge metabolic pool. White sponges transplanted back into the river in the shade grew logarithmically with a mean doubling time of 12 days. Sponges transplanted into illuminated habitats did not grow. It is unknown how the sponge acquires its algal symbiont.