香港石鼓洲植物传播与植被次生演替初探

在香港石鼓洲生物多样性调查的基础上,对该岛的324种植物的果实类型和种子的传播方式进行了统计和分析。该岛植物的果实类型可划分为13类,主要是核果、浆果、蒴果和荚果四类,分别占总数的19.75%、18.83%、16.98%和11.11%。岛上植物种子传播的类型主要有4种,即动物传播(含鸟类传播和其它动物传播)、风传播、人力传播和水流传播,分别有植物233种、74种、39种及22种,动物传播中鸟类传播的有139种,其它动物传播的有156种。有86种植物有2种以上的自然传播方式(不包括人力传播)。此外,还对石鼓洲植物种子传播方式与植被次生形成之间的关系进行了初步探讨,认为石鼓洲火烧之后岛上残存植物物种是目前植被的基础,鸟类和其它动物的传播作用对岛上的植被的次生形成具有重要的作用。

Study on the seed dispersal and secondary succession of Shek Kwu Chau,Hong Kong

The original flora of Shek Kwu Chau has been changed. The actual vegetation is typical secondary vegetation,which has developed on the burned area since 1961. Based on the flora and biodiversity investigation on Shek Kwu Chau,a total of 324 vascular plants have been recorded. In this study,a statistical analysis of fruit types and seed dispersal types of each plant were made. Main fruit types on the island were drupe,berry,capsule and legume in all 13 fruit types,with a percentage of 19.75%,18.83%,16.98% and 11.11%,respectively. Four main dispersal modes were assigned to 324 plant species. Animals dispersed the highest percentage of species(71.91%,233),while the number of anemochorous,hydrochorous and anthropochorous species was 74,21 and 39,respectively. And the animals dispersed species divided into two parts,139 by birds and 156 by other animals. Besides,85 species were dispersed by more than two natural vectors,excluding human reasons. Shrub is the dominated vegetation on the island now,which as an interim stage during the vegetation succession. As a result of the historical reasons and the effects of human activities,the present vegetation on the island depended on the secondary development after fire,and the survival plant species after fire and the animals,especially birds and fruit bats,may be the main factors of the formation of Shek Kwu Chau's flora.