The partial purification of a Trichogramma pretiosum pupation factor from hemolymph of Manduca sexta |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 U.S.A.;2. Cotton Insects Research Laboratory, USDA, ARS, P.O. Drawer DG, College Station, TX 77841 U.S.A.;3. Veterinary Toxicology and Entomology Research Laboratory, USDA, ARS, P.O. Drawer GE, College Station, TX 77841, U.S.A.;1. Department of Microbiology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004 (India);2. Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 (Canada);1. Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, USA;2. Department Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, USA;3. Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, USA;1. Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy;2. DGIMI Université de Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France;1. Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Centro de Estudios Botánicos y Agroforestales, Laboratorio de Protección Vegetal, Calle 79 con Av. 8 (Santa Rita), Maracaibo C.P. 4001, Venezuela;2. Institute of Grapevine and Wine Sciences (ICVV), La Rioja, Spain;3. Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), CCTA/LEF, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil;4. Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia, Parasitologia e Patologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Goiânia, GO, Brazil;5. Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Campus Monte Carmelo, LMG 746, km 01, Monte Carmelo, MG, Brazil;6. Instituto Biológico de Campinas (IBC), Campinas, SP, Brazil;7. Dirección de Sanidad Vegetal, Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria (CENSA), Apartado 10, San José de las Lajas, Provincia Mayabeque, Cuba;8. Laboratorio de Control Biológico, Biología de Plantas y Sistemas Productivos, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia;9. Universidad Nacional de Trujillo (UNT), Avenida Juan Pablo II s/n, Trujillo-La Libertad, Peru;10. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones del Café, Cenicafé, Chinchiná, Caldas, Colombia;11. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral – Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina;12. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (CONICET-UNC) Centro de Zoología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000AVP Córdoba, Argentina;13. Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias – INIA, Carillanca, Chile;14. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias INIAP, Departamento de Proteccion Vegetal, Quito, Ecuador;15. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional (CIIDIR) Unidad Oaxaca, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Calle Hornos 1003, Col. Noche Buena, C.P. 71230 Oaxaca, Mexico;p. Laboratorio de Biotecnología, CALESA Group, Natá, Coclé, Panama;q. Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Forbes Bldg., Room 410, 1140 E. South Campus Dr., Tucson, AZ 85721-0036, USA;1. Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia;2. A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia |
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| Abstract: | Factors responsible for pupation of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley reared in vitro were partially purified. The active material was extracted with 76% ethanol from Manduca sexta (L.) hemolymph. The water soluble active fraction was chromatographed first on a Sephadex G-10® column and then on a C18 cartridge (reversed phase). After removing more than 99% of the original protein, 20% of the original pupation activity remained; this fraction, however, also contained about 20% of the original hemolymph carbohydrate. The pupation factor was further separated by DEAE-HPLC into two active carbohydrate containing fractions. HPLC of the active fraction from the C18 cartridge on an amino column produced some separation of the original carbohydrate, but no pupation activity was found in single fractions after this separation. However, when certain fractions were re-combined, weak pupation activity was obtained. The results indicate that when T. pretiosum were fed nutritionally rich artificial diets, at least two and possibly several polar, low molecular weight chemicals in M. sexta hemolymph were also needed and were responsible for growth and development of the parasitoids to the pupal stage. This is the first report describing the partial purification of insect growth factors affecting the growth and development of parasitoids. |
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