Sex pheromone precursors in Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China;2. School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China;1. Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Kent State University at Tuscarawas, New Philadelphia, OH 44663, USA;2. College of Applied Engineering, Sustainability and Technology, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA;3. Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA;4. Haley and Aldrich Inc., Rocky Hill CT 06067, USA;1. Enzymes and Pharmaceuticals Laboratory, GODO SHUSEI Co., Ltd., 250 Nakahara, Kamihongo, Matsudo City, Chiba, 271-0064, Japan;2. Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Amamiya-machi Tsutsumidori, Aoba-ku, Sendai City, Miyagi, 981-8555, Japan;1. Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China;2. College of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China;3. State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;1. Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 DF, Mexico;2. Departamento de Química de Biomacromoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 DF, Mexico;3. Grupo Químico de Investigación y Desarrollo Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías, Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, Colombia |
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| Abstract: | Female pheromone gland extracts of Spodoptera littoralis were analyzed for pheromone precursors. Large amounts of fatty methyl esters were found and a positive relationship between the methyl esters and the pheromonal components was observed. The esters were identified on the basis of capillary gas chromatography, coupled gas chromatography with mass spectroscopy and dimethyl disulfide derivatization, and subsequent gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. The characteristic fatty esters of S. littoralis are methyl (Z)-9-tetradecenoate, (E)- and (Z)-11-tetradecenoate, (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadienoate, (Z,E)-9,11-tetradecadienoate, and (Z)-11-hexadecenoate. The biosynthesis of the monosaturated acids involves probably the common E11 and Z11 desaturases and chain shortening. For the biosynthesis of the novel diene acids, we propose a second, specific desaturation of (Z)-9-tetradecenoate by an E11 desaturase to produce (Z,E)-9,11-tetradecadienoate or by an E12 desaturase to produce (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadienoate. |
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