同源四倍体紫菜薹的诱导鉴定及其营养品质比较

该研究以二倍体紫菜薹为材料,采用浓度为0.1%、0.2%和0.3%的秋水仙素溶液,在二倍体紫菜薹生长至子叶期时对植株茎尖生长点进行4次点滴处理,鉴定筛选同源四倍体紫菜薹并进行二倍体和四倍体紫菜薹的营养品质比较。结果表明:(1)使用浓度为0.2%秋水仙素溶液点滴4次对紫菜薹的处理效果最好,四倍体紫菜薹的诱导率为6.62%。(2)在形态学上,四倍体植株的叶片、花簇、花器官、角果和种子与二倍体相比都在巨大性上呈现出明显差异;在解剖学上,四倍体植株在气孔密度减小的同时气孔变大,其花粉表现出矩形、梯形以及其他一些不规则的形状;在细胞学上,四倍体和二倍体植株的染色体数目分别为40条和20条;流式细胞仪鉴定结果显示,四倍体植株的DNA分子荧光强度(2 092 385.03)约为二倍体植株(956 725.15)的2倍。(3)植株营养品质方面,四倍体紫菜薹的游离氨基酸、叶绿素总浓度分别比二倍体植株显著增加了228.58%、110.02%,但四倍体紫菜薹的硝态氮、可溶性蛋白、维生素C、可溶性糖、纤维素总含量分别比二倍体植株显著减少了48.99%、43.20%、45.81%、44.50%、59.97%。(4)与二倍体植株相比,四倍体紫菜薹的单株质量、十叶厚、叶宽、叶柄宽都有不同程度的增加,叶片开展度有一定程度的降低。研究发现,秋水仙素诱导产生四倍体紫菜薹的最适浓度为0.2%;四倍体紫菜薹表现出明显的高产性,但多数营养品质极显著低于二倍体紫菜薹。

Induction and Identification of Tetraploid Purple Tsai tai and Comparison of Its Nutritional Quality

In this study, we used the concentrations of 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3% colchicine solution to treat the shoot tip growth points for 4 times when diploid Purple Tsai tai grows to cotyledon stage, respectively. The autotetraploid Purple Tsai tai was identified and screened. Then the nutritional qualities between diploid and tetraploid Purple Tsai tai were compared. The results are as follows: (1) using 0.2% colchicine solution to drip four times had the best treatment effect on Purple Tsai tai, and the induction rate of tetraploid Purple Tsai tai was 6.62%. (2) Morphologically, the leaves, flower clusters, flower organs, siliques and seeds of the tetraploid plants are significantly different in the greatness compared with diploid plants; Anatomically, the stomata became larger, but the density of stomata in tetraploid plants decreased. In addition, pollen of tetraploid plants showed rectangular, trapezoidal and other irregular shapes. In cytology, the chromosomes numbers of tetraploid and diploid plants were 40 and 20; Flow cytometry identification results showed that the fluorescence intensity of diploid plants was 956 725.15, while the tetraploid plants was 209 238 5.03, which was about twice diploid. (3) In the nutritional quality of plants, compared with diploid plants in nutritional quality, the total content of free amino acids and total chlorophyll in tetraploid significantly increase by 228.58% and 110.02%, respectively. However, the total contents of nitrate nitrogen, soluble protein, vitamin C, soluble sugar and cellulose in the tetraploid Purple Tsai tai significantly reduced by 48.99%, 43.20%, 45.81%, 44.50% and 59.97%, respectively. (4) Compared with diploid, tetraploid plants showed increasing in plant weight, leaf thickness, leaf width and petiole width, decreasing in plant expansion. The study found that the optimum concentration of colchicine to induce tetraploid purple Tsai tai was 0.2%. At the same time, tetraploid purple Tsai tai showed obvious high yield, but its overall nutritional quality was not higher than that of diploid plants.