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Longicorn beetle that vectors pinewood nematode carries many Wolbachia genes on an autosome
Authors:Takuya Aikawa  Hisashi Anbutsu  Naruo Nikoh  Taisei Kikuchi  Fukashi Shibata  Takema Fukatsu
Institution:1.Tohoku Research Center, Forestry and Forest Product Research Institute, Morioka 020-0123, Japan;2.National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan;3.Department of Liberal Arts, The Open University of Japan, Chiba 261-8586, Japan;4.Forestry and Forest Product Research Institute, Tsukuba 305-8687, Japan;5.Biological Institute, Faculty of Education, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
Abstract:Monochamus alternatus is the longicorn beetle notorious as a vector of the pinewood nematode that causes the pine wilt disease. When two populations of M. alternatus were subjected to diagnostic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of four Wolbachia genes, only the ftsZ gene was detected from one of the populations. The Wolbachia ftsZ gene persisted even after larvae were fed with a tetracycline-containing diet for six weeks. The inheritance of the ftsZ gene was not maternal but biparental, exhibiting a typical Mendelian pattern. The ftsZ gene titres in homozygotic ftsZ+ insects were nearly twice as high as those in heterozygotic ftsZ+ insects. Exhaustive PCR surveys revealed that 31 and 30 of 214 Wolbachia genes examined were detected from the two insect populations, respectively. Many of these Wolbachia genes contained stop codon(s) and/or frame shift(s). Fluorescent in situ hybridization confirmed the location of the Wolbachia genes on an autosome. On the basis of these results, we conclude that a large Wolbachia genomic region has been transferred to and located on an autosome of M. alternatus. The discovery of massive gene transfer from Wolbachia to M. alternatus would provide further insights into the evolution and fate of laterally transferred endosymbiont genes in multicellular host organisms.
Keywords:Wolbachia  Monochamus alternatus  lateral gene transfer  pine wilt disease  cerambycid beetle  nematode
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