Distribution of extracellular polymeric substances in aerobic granules |
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Authors: | M Y Chen D J Lee J H Tay |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan;(2) Environmental Engineering Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave., Singapore, 639798, Singapore |
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Abstract: | Extracellular matrix provides an architectural structure and mechanical stability for aerobic granules. Distributions of cells
and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), including proteins, α- and β-d-glucopyranose polysaccharides, in acetate-fed granules and phenol-fed granules were probed using a novel quadruple staining
scheme. In acetate-fed granules, protein and β-d-glucopyranose polysaccharides formed the core, whereas, the cells and α-d-glucopyranose polysaccharides accumulated in the granule outer layers. Based on these experimental findings, this study indicated
that different conclusions can be obtained regarding EPS distributions when granules were stained differently. The core of
phenol-fed granules, conversely, was formed principally by proteins; whereas, the cells and α- and β-d-glucopyranose polysaccharides were accumulated at an outer filamentous layer. Using a series of confocal laser scanning microscope
(CLSM) images whose threshold values were determined via Otsu’s scheme, the three-dimensional distributions of cells and EPS
were produced using a polygonal surface model. Structural information extracted can be applied in further development of comprehensive
granule models. |
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Keywords: | Aerobic granule EPS Staining Structure Model |
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