肠道上皮与肠道微生物相互作用的研究现状

肠道上皮是肠上皮细胞及其分泌物有机构成的黏膜界面。随着技术的进步和对肠道菌群作用的逐渐重视,研究者对肠道上皮与肠道微生物相互作用的认识也不断深入。研究表明,肠道上皮调节并维持肠道微生物的定殖与分布,肠道微生物也影响肠道上皮的多种屏障功能,二者通过一系列细胞分子机制紧密联系,共同维持肠道稳态。此外,其过程中产生的宿主-肠道菌群共代谢物被发现可以反映宿主的生理病理状态,作为指标被应用于临床疾病诊断、治疗效果评估和预后推测。本文基于近年的研究,综述了肠道上皮与肠道微生物的相互作用及其细胞分子机制,为进一步研究和临床应用总结了理论基础,并探讨了未来可能的研究方向。

Interaction between intestinal epithelium and microbiome

The intestinal epithelium is the mucosal interface consisting of intestinal epithelial cells and their secretions. Owing to the progress of technology and the increasing attention to the role of intestinal microbiome, researchers have deepened the understanding of interaction between intestinal epithelium and microbiome. The available studies have demonstrated that intestinal epithelium regulates and maintains the colonization and distribution of microbiome, while the microbiome affects multiple barrier functions of the epithelium. They interact through a series of cellular and molecular mechanisms, maintaining intestinal homeostasis together. Moreover, their co-metabolites produced in the process can reflect the physiological or pathological state of the host and be used as biomarkers for diagnosis of diseases, evaluation of therapeutic effect, and prediction of prognosis. This paper reviews the research progress in the interaction between intestinal epithelial and microbiome and the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms, which provides a theoretical basis for further research and clinical application. Finally, we predict the possible directions of the future research.