The Protective Effects of Inosine Against Chemical Hypoxia on Cultured Rat Oligodendrocytes |
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Authors: | Quan-Rui Ma Hao Yang Xiang-Hui Zhao Yu-Kai Zhang An-Hui Yao Peng Cheng Ya-Bin Xie Hai-Kang Zhao Gong Ju Fang Kuang |
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Institution: | (1) Institute of Neurosciences, The Fourth Military Medical University, 17 West Changle Road, Xi’an, 710032, China |
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Abstract: | Inosine is a purine nucleoside and is considered protective to neural cells including neurons and astrocytes against hypoxic
injury. However, whether oligodendrocytes (OLs) could also be protected from hypoxia by inosine is not known. Here we investigated
the effects of inosine on primarily cultured rat OLs injured by rotenone-mediated chemical hypoxia, and the mechanisms of
the effects using ATP assay, MTT assay, PI-Hoechst staining, TUNEL, and immunocytochemistry. Results showed that rotenone
exposure for 24 h caused cell death and impaired viability in both immature and mature OLs, while pretreatment of 10 mM inosine
30 min before rotenone administration significantly reduced cell death and improved the viability of OLs. The same concentration
of inosine given 120 min after rotenone exposure also improved viability of injured mature OLs. Immunocytochemistry for nitrotyrosine
and cellular ATP content examination indicated that inosine may protect OLs by providing ATP and scavenging peroxynitrite
for cells. In addition, immature OLs were more susceptible to hypoxia than mature OLs; and at the similar degree of injury,
inosine protected immature and mature OLs differently. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that expression of adenosine receptors
was different between these two stages of OLs. These data suggest that inosine protect OLs from hypoxic injury as an antioxidant
and ATP provider, and the protective effects of inosine on OLs vary with cell differentiation, possibly due to the adenosine
receptors expression profile. As OLs form myelin in the central nervous system, inosine could be used as a promising drug
to treat demyelination-involved disorders. |
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