DAPI: a DMA-Specific Fluorescent Probe |
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Authors: | Jan Kapuscinski |
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Institution: |
a Department of Molecular Biology, Gdansk University, Gdansk, Poland
b The Cancer Research Institute, New York Medical College, Elmsford, New York |
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Abstract: | DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylin-dole) is a DNA-specific probe which forms a fluorescent complex by attaching in the minor grove of A-T rich sequences of DNA. It also forms nonfluorescent intercalative complexes with double-stranded nucleic acids. The physicochemical properties of the dye and its complexes with nucleic acids and history of the development of this dye as a biological stain are described. The application of DAPI as a DNA-specific probe for flow cytometry, chromosome staining, DNA visualization and quantitation in histochemistry and biochemistry is reviewed. The mechanisms of DAPI-nucleic acid complex formation including minor groove binding, intercalation and condensation are discussed. |
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Keywords: | 4' 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole nucleic acids light absorption spectroscopy fluorescence spectroscopy flow cytometry DNA visualization DNA assay chromosome staining intercalation |
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