典型产纤维小体梭菌的遗传改造及其在纤维素乙醇中的应用研究进展简

以解纤维梭菌（ Clostridium cellulolyticum）和热纤梭菌（ Clostridium thermocellum）为代表的产纤维小体梭菌可以直接完成从木质纤维素原料到乙醇的生物转化，是用于通过整合生物加工技术生产纤维素乙醇的优良候选菌株。然而，这些产纤维小体梭菌的纤维素降解效率及乙醇产量尚不能满足工业化生产的要求，其遗传改造技术的不成熟严重制约了通过定向代谢工程改造提高生产性能的进程。针对这些典型的产纤维小体菌株，各国科学家近年来在基于二类内含子的嗜中温及嗜高温遗传改造平台建立方面取得了较大突破，并通过靶向代谢工程改造，显著提高纤维素乙醇的产量。笔者对这些前期研究工作以及国内外相关研究成果进行系统的总结，并对构建的遗传改造工具的应用前景进行展望。

Genetic engineering of cellulosome-producing Clostridium strains for cellulosic ethanol production

Clostridium cellulolyticum and Clostridium thermocellum are cellulosome-producing strains that can produce ethanol directly from lignocellulosic substrates, and they are considered as promising candidates for cellulosic ethanol production by consolidated bioprocess.However,the ethanol production of these strains is too low to meet the requirement of commercialization,and the lack of genetic tools inhibits the targeted engineering aimed at higher ethanol production.Recently,group II intron-based mesophilic or thermophilic genetic engineering platforms have been developed for the metabolic engineering of these typical cellulosome-producing microorganisms, and the ethanol production is improved significantly.Previous work and results of targeted engineering of Clostridium strains are discussed and the further application of the constructed genetic tools is prospected.