葡萄生长季内需水特征

为了定量评估我国鲜食葡萄主产区降水量对葡萄生长发育过程需水量的满足程度,本研究基于研究区域内(东北地区的吉林和辽宁,华北地区的山西和河北,西北地区的甘肃、宁夏和陕西,西南地区的四川、贵州和云南以及东南地区的江苏、山东、浙江、安徽、福建、河南、湖北、湖南和广西)1981—2016年429个气象站逐日气象数据,分析葡萄不同生育阶段降水量、需水量和水分亏缺量时空分布特征。结果表明: 研究期间,葡萄各生育阶段降水量整体由北向南、由西向东增加;萌芽-开花阶段的降水量最少且呈下降趋势,成熟-落叶阶段也呈下降趋势,开花-着色和着色-成熟阶段呈上升趋势。研究区各生育阶段的葡萄需水量均呈上升趋势,新疆和甘肃省北部的葡萄需水量最高。新疆、甘肃省北部、宁夏、陕西省北部、山西省北部、河北省、辽宁省西部和吉林省西部各生育阶段以及云南省北部、四川省南部萌芽-开花生育阶段的降水量无法满足葡萄需水量,其他地区,特别是我国东南和西南部部分地区水分盈余明显;萌芽-开花和成熟-落叶阶段的葡萄水分亏缺量呈上升趋势,开花-着色和着色-成熟阶段呈下降趋势。

Characteristics of water requirement of table grape in the growing season

To quantitatively assess the satisfaction degree of precipitation on water requirement of table grape in the main producing areas in China, we analyzed the temporal and spatial variations of precipitation, water requirement and water deficit in different growth stages of table grape based on the 1981-2016 daily meteorological data from 429 meteorological stations in the study region (Jinlin and Liaoning of Northeast China; Shanxi and Hebei of North China; Xinjiang, Gansu, Ningxia and Shaanxi of Northwest China; Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan of Southwest China; Jiangsu, Shandong, Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian, Henan, Hubei, Hunan and Guangxi of Southeast China). Results showed that precipitation in each growth stage showed an increasing trend from north to south and from west to east in the study period. The precipitation in germination-flowering stage was the lowest and showed a decreasing trend. The precipitation in maturation-defoliation stage showed a decreasing trend, while that in flowering-veraison and veraison-maturation stage exhibited an increasing trend. Water requirement of grape exhibited an increasing trend in each growth stage in the study region. Water requirement of grape in Xinjiang and the northern of Gansu Province was the highest. The precipitation could not meet water requirement of grape in Xinjiang, northern Gansu, Ningxia, northern Shaanxi, northern Shanxi, northern Hebei, western Liaoning and western Jilin in each growth stage, as well as northern Yunnan and southern Sichuan during germination-flowering stage. In constrast, water surplus was obvious in the other areas, especially in the southeast and southwest of China. The water deficit of grape showed an increasing trend during the germination-flowering and maturation-defoliation stage, while that during flowering-veraison and veraison-maturation stage showed a decreasing trend.