外源乙烯利施用时期对花生源库形成的调控效应

为了解决源库关系不协调而限制花生产量提高的问题,在大田栽培条件下,以‘山花9号’花生为试验材料,设置花后10、20、30 d 3个喷施时期,以不喷施处理为对照,探讨不同时期喷施乙烯利对花生源库形成的调控效应。结果表明: 花后10和20 d喷施乙烯利可显著减少花生的开花数量、果针数、幼果数,提高秕果数和饱果数,而花后30 d喷施处理对开花数量、果针数和幼果数无抑制作用。喷施乙烯利可以增加花生单株叶面积,开花后10 d喷施处理的单株叶面积增幅最大,随着喷施时期的推迟增幅减小。花后10和20 d喷施乙烯利显著提高了花生叶片的光合速率,但花后30 d喷施处理只能在短期内提高光合速率,对生育后期的叶片光合速率无显著影响。从源库综合性状来看,花后20 d喷施乙烯利的源库关系最协调,有利于促进同化物向荚果的运输,提高有效果比例和荚果充实度,从而提高产量。因此,喷施乙烯利是解决花生“花多不实、果多不饱”源库失衡现象的有效措施,生产中使用乙烯利控花应选择在开花后20 d喷施。

Regulating effect of spraying stage of ethephon on the formation of source-sink in peanut

To solve the problem of uncoordinated source-sink relationship that limits the increase of peanut yield, we investigated the regulating effects of ethephon on the formation of source-sink in cultivar Shanhua 9 by spraying at 10, 20, and 30 d after anthesis in a field experiment. The results showed that spraying ethephon at 10 d and 20 d after anthesis significantly reduced the number of flowers, pegs and young pods, but increased the number of immature pods and mature pods. Spraying at 30 d after anthesis did not affect the number of flowers, pegs and young pods. Spraying ethephon could improve the leaf area per plant. Spraying at 10 d after anthesis achieved the highest leaf area per plant and the increment amplitude decreased with the delay of spraying stage. Spraying ethephon at 10 d and 20 d after anthesis significantly improved the photosynthetic performance of peanut, whereas spraying at 30 days after anthesis increased the photosynthesis only in the short-term and had no effect at late growth period. In terms of the comprehensive characters of source and sink, spraying ethephon at 20 d after anthesis achieved the most harmonious source-sink relationship, which could promote the transport of photosynthate to pods and increase the economic pods ratio, pod fullness, and the yield. Therefore, spraying ethephon is an effective practice to solve the problems of "more flowers but less pegs" and "more pods but less kernels" in peanut. The optimum spraying stage of ethephon to regulate flowering should be at 20 d after anthesis.