病毒辅助代谢基因的研究进展

病毒通过影响微生物的营养循环、生物多样性和遗传信息传递等，在全球海洋的生物地球化学循环中发挥关键作用。病毒还可以控制微生物的群落组成、关键代谢过程等，这些依赖于病毒基因组上的辅助代谢基因(auxiliary metabolic genes,AMGs)。AMGs在病毒感染宿主的过程中表达并参与调控宿主的代谢过程。病毒基因组中的AMGs包括中央碳代谢、氮代谢、磷和硫循环、核苷酸代谢以及与氧化应激反应相关的基因。AMGs有利于子代病毒更高效地组装和释放，对于病毒种群的繁衍具有重要意义，同时对病毒-宿主相互作用机制的研究产生重要影响。本文针对病毒辅助代谢基因的起源、类别及其重要的生态作用进行简要综述，以期为进一步阐明病毒在不同生态系统中的功能提供依据。

Advances in viral auxiliary metabolic genes

Viruses play a key role in the biogeochemical cycle of global ocean by influencing the nutrient cycling, biodiversity, and genetic information transfer of microorganisms. Virus-encoded auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) can modulate the community composition and key metabolic pathways of microorganisms. Through the expression of AMGs, viruses reprogram the host metabolic pathways. Virus-encoded AMGs are known to include the genes associated with central carbon metabolism, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur cycling, nucleotide metabolism, and oxidative stress response. AMGs are beneficial to the assembly and release of progeny virus, which is of great significance for virus reproduction and the research on virus-host interaction mechanism. In this paper, we briefly reviewed the origin, classification, and ecological roles of virus-encoded AMGs, aiming to provide reference for illuminating the roles of viruses in different ecosystems.