From phenotype to genotype: whole tissue profiling for plant breeding |
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Authors: | Royston Goodacre Luned Roberts David I Ellis Danny Thorogood Stephen M Reader Helen Ougham Ian King |
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Institution: | (1) Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Wales, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3DD, UK;(2) School of Chemistry and Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7ND, UK;(3) Present address: School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, PO Box 88, Sackville Street, Manchester, M60 1QD, UK;(4) Plant Genetics & Breeding Department, Institute of Grassland & Environmental Research, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EB, Wales, UK;(5) John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK |
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Abstract: | Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to obtain ‘holistic’ metabolic fingerprints from a wide range of
plants to differentiate species, population, single plant genotype, and chromosomal constitution differences. Sample preparation
simply entailed the maceration of fresh leaves with water, and these samples were then dried and analysed by reflectance FT-IR
where spectral acquisition was typically 10 s. All samples gave reproducible, characteristic biological infrared absorption
spectra and these were analysed by chemometric methods. FT-IR is not biased to any particular chemical species and thus the
whole tissue profiles produced measure the total biochemical makeup of the test sample; that is to say it represents a plant
phenotype. We show that by simple cluster analysis these phenotypic measurements can be related to the genotypes of the plants
and can reliably differentiate closely related individuals. We believe that this approach provides a valuable new tool for
the rapid metabolomic profiling of plants, with applications to plant breeding and the assessment of substantial equivalency
for genetically-modified plants. |
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Keywords: | artificial neural network hierarchical cluster analysis discriminant function Lolium principal components Triticum |
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