Architecture of the nervous system in two Dactylopodola species (Gastrotricha, Macrodasyida) |
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Authors: | Birgen H Rothe Andreas Schmidt-Rhaesa |
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Institution: | (1) Present address: Evolutionary Biology, University Bielefeld, Morgenbreede 45, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany;(2) Zoological Museum and Biocenter Grindel, University Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany |
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Abstract: | Immunohistochemical stainings have become standard tools to describe the nervous system, but usually only singular or few
markers are used and consequently show only subsets of neurons within the nervous system. We investigated two species of Dactylopodola (Gastrotricha, Macrodasyida) with a broad set and combination of markers, to represent the nervous system in a more holistic
approach. We suggest that markers for both neurotubuli (tubulin) and neurotransmitters (e.g. serotonin, FMRF-amides, histamine)
should be used. Combinations with markers for the musculature (phalloidin) and nuclei (propidiumiodide or other markers) help
to reveal spatial patterns and when used with TEM can provide a more precise picture of the spatial relationships of particular
nerves. Species of Dactylopodola have a brain consisting of a solid dorsal commissure and a fine ventral commissure. Cell somata of brain cells are arranged
lateral to the dorsal commissure and form a dumbbell-like brain. Additionally, projections into the head region, head sensory
organs, one pair of lateroventral nerve cords with three commissures and stomatogastric nerves are described. Obviously, some
longitudinal transmitter-specific fibres run in parallel to the main longitudinal nerve and represent additional longitudinal
fibres. In comparison with the nervous system architecture of other gastrotrich species and that of different bilaterian animals
it is speculated that the gastrotrich nervous system retains several ancestral features, such as being commissural and not
a compact brain. |
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Keywords: | Gastrotricha Nervous system Immunohistochemistry cLSM Ultrastructure Serotonin Tubulin FMRFamides Histamine Evolution |
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