Is the instrumented-pointer method of calibrating anatomical landmarks in 3D motion analysis reliable? |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA;2. Department for Automation, Biocybernetics and Robotics, Jo?ef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia;3. Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium;4. Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Belgium;1. Department of Medical and Sport Sciences, University of Cumbria, Lancaster, UK;2. School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK;3. Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK;1. Department of Rehabilitation, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD;2. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD;3. Department of Defense and Veterans Affairs, Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence, Bethesda, MD;1. Division of Applied Mechanics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, École Polytechnique, Montréal, Québec, Canada;2. Institut de recherche Robert Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail, Montréal, Québec, Canada;1. MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;2. Department of Kinesiology, KU-Leuven, Belgium |
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| Abstract: | Instrumented-pointers are often used to calibrate anatomical landmarks in biomechanical analyses. However, little is known about the effect of altering the orientation of the pointer during calibration on the co-ordinates recorded. Incorrect positioning of a landmark influences the axes created, and thus the kinematic data recorded. This study aimed to investigate the reliability of the pointer method for anatomical calibration. Two points were drawn onto a fixed box to resemble knee joint epicondyles, then a custom-made pointer was used to define the positions of these landmarks in three-dimensions. Twenty different pointer-orientations were chosen, and the position of the pointer in each of these orientations was recorded 8 times. Euclidean distances between single points were calculated for both landmarks and compared statistically (α = 0.05). Average Euclidean distances between all reconstructed points were 3.2±1.4 mm (range: 0.3–7.1 mm) for one landmark and 3.3±1.5 mm (range: 0.3–7.9mm) for the other. The x- and y-co-ordinates recorded differed statistically when the pointer was moved about the X and Y axes (anterior/posterior and superior/inferior to landmark) (p < 0.05). No statistical differences were found between co-ordinates recorded when the pointer was moved around the Z axes (p > 0.05). ICC values for all co-ordinates were excellent, highlighting the reliability of the method (ICC > 0.90). These results support this method of anatomical calibration; however, we recommend that pointers be consistently held in a neutral oriented position (where the handle is not anterior, posterior, superior or inferior to the landmark) during calibration, to reduce the likelihood of calibration errors. |
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| Keywords: | Motion analysis Anatomical landmark calibration Subject calibration Protocol reliability instrumented-pointer |
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