Anthropometric and biomechanical characteristics of body segments in persons with spinal cord injury |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA;2. Rocky Mountain Regional Spinal Injury System, Craig Rehabilitation Hospital, Englewood, CO, USA;3. Department of PMR, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA;4. Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, MA, USA;1. Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands;2. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA;3. University of Twente, Laboratory for Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Enschede, The Netherlands;1. University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, 110 S. Paca St, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA;2. IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Biomedical Technology Department, via Capecelatro 66, 20148 Milano, Italy;3. Politecnico di Milano, Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, via Golgi 39, 20133 Milano, Italy;1. Department of Oral Cell Biology and Functional Anatomy, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;2. MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;3. Biomechanics Section, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium;4. Department of Oral Kinesiology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;1. Department of Sports Medicine and Health Promotion, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Wöllnitzer Straße 42, D-07749 Jena, Germany;2. Center of Interdisciplinary Prevention of Diseases related to Professional Activities, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, D-07737 Jena, Germany;3. Department of Sports and Motion Science, University Stuttgart, Allmandring 28, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany;4. Department of Sports Management, University Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany |
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| Abstract: | People with spinal cord injury (SCI) experience bone and muscle loss in their paralyzed limbs that is most rapid and severe in the first 3 years after injury. Restoration of mechanical loading through therapeutic physical activity may potentially slow or reverse post-SCI bone loss, however, therapeutic targets cannot be developed without accurate biomechanical models. Obesity is prevalent among SCI population, and it alters body composition and further affects parameters of these models. Here, clinical whole body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry data from people with acute (n = 39) and chronic (n = 61) SCI were analyzed to obtain anthropometric parameters including segment masses, center of mass location, and radius of gyration for both obese and non-obese individuals. Chronic SCI was associated with higher normalized trunk mass of 3.2%BW and smaller normalized leg mass of 1.8%BW in males, but no significant changes in segment centers of mass or radius of gyration. People with chronic SCI had 58.6% lean mass in the trunk, compared to 66.6% lean mass in those with acute SCI (p = 0.01), with significant changes in all segments. Obesity was associated with an increase in trunk mass proportion of 3.1%BW, proximal shifts in thigh and upper arm center of mass, and changes to thigh and shank radius of gyration. The data presented here can be used to accurately represent the anthropometrics of SCI population in biomechanical studies, considering obesity and injury duration. |
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| Keywords: | Anthropometry Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry Biomechanics Kinetics Inertia Rehabilitation medicine |
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