Soft tissue artefacts of skin markers on the lower limb during cycling: Effects of joint angles and pedal resistance |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan, ROC;2. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan, ROC;3. Department of Electrical Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taiwan, ROC;4. Department of Physical Therapy, China Medical University, Taiwan, ROC;5. Department of Orthopaedics, China Medical University, Taiwan, ROC;6. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taiwan, ROC;7. Department of Radiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC;8. Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC;1. Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan, ROC;2. Department of Mechanics Engineering, Kao Yuan University, Taiwan, ROC;3. School of Physical Therapy, China Medical University, Taiwan, ROC;4. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan, ROC;1. Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan;2. Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan;3. Department of Surgery, Taiwan Adventist Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan;4. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan;1. Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan, ROC;2. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan, ROC;3. School of Physical Therapy, China Medical University, Taiwan, ROC;4. Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, Kao Yuan University, Taiwan, ROC;5. Department of Radiology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan, ROC;6. Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan, ROC;1. LISSI, University of Paris-Est-Créteil, France;2. Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, IFSTTAR, UMR_T9406, LBMC, F69622 Lyon, France;3. Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Roma “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy;4. Interuniversity Centre of Bioengineering of the Human Neuromusculoskeletal System, Università degli Studi di Roma “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy;5. Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan;1. Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan, ROC;2. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan, ROC;3. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan, ROC;4. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan, ROC;1. Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, IFSTTAR, LBMC UMR_T9406, F69622 Lyon, France;2. Interuniversity Centre of Bioengineering of the Human Neuromusculoskeletal System, Università degli Studi di Roma “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy |
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| Abstract: | Soft tissue artefacts (STA) are a major error source in skin marker-based measurement of human movement, and are difficult to eliminate non-invasively. The current study quantified in vivo the STA of skin markers on the thigh and shank during cycling, and studied the effects of knee angles and pedal resistance by using integrated 3D fluoroscopy and stereophotogrammetry. Fifteen young healthy adults performed stationary cycling with and without pedal resistance, while the marker data were measured using a motion capture system, and the motions of the femur and tibia/fibula were recorded using a bi-plane fluoroscopy-to-CT registration method. The STAs with respect to crank and knee angles over the pedaling cycle, as well as the within-cycle variations, were obtained and compared between resistance conditions. The thigh markers showed greater STA than the shank ones, the latter varying linearly with adjacent joint angles, the former non-linearly with greater within-cycle variability. Both STA magnitudes and within-cycle variability were significantly affected by pedal resistance (p < 0.05). The STAs appeared to be composed of one component providing the stable and consistent STA patterns and another causing their variations. Mid-segment markers experienced smaller STA ranges than those closer to a joint, but tended to have greater variations primarily associated with pedal resistance and muscle contractions. The current data will be helpful for a better choice of marker positions for data collection, and for developing methods to compensate for both stable and variation components of the STA. |
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| Keywords: | Soft tissue artefacts Cycling Knee Joint angles Variability |
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