Contribution of muscle short-range stiffness to initial changes in joint kinetics and kinematics during perturbations to standing balance: A simulation study |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium;2. W.H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA;3. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Division of Physical Therapy, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA;1. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA;2. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA;3. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Division of Physical Therapy, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;1. Institute of Physical Education, Health, and Leisure Studies, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan;2. Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan;1. Centre for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, The Netherlands;2. Centre for Rehabilitation, University Medical Centre Groningen, The Netherlands;3. Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA;1. Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada;2. Concord Field Station, Harvard University, Bedford, MA, USA;3. School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia;1. Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, PO Box 196, 9700AD Groningen, The Netherlands;2. Center for Rehabilitation, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands;3. Department of Kinesiology, KU-Leuven, B3001 Leuven, Belgium |
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| Abstract: | Simulating realistic musculoskeletal dynamics is critical to understanding neural control of muscle activity evoked in sensorimotor feedback responses that have inherent neural transmission delays. Thus, the initial mechanical response of muscles to perturbations in the absence of any change in muscle activity determines which corrective neural responses are required to stabilize body posture. Muscle short-range stiffness, a history-dependent property of muscle that causes a rapid and transient rise in muscle force upon stretch, likely affects musculoskeletal dynamics in the initial mechanical response to perturbations. Here we identified the contributions of short-range stiffness to joint torques and angles in the initial mechanical response to support surface translations using dynamic simulation. We developed a dynamic model of muscle short-range stiffness to augment a Hill-type muscle model. Our simulations show that short-range stiffness can provide stability against external perturbations during the neuromechanical response delay. Assuming constant muscle activation during the initial mechanical response, including muscle short-range stiffness was necessary to account for the rapid rise in experimental sagittal plane knee and hip joint torques that occurs simultaneously with very small changes in joint angles and reduced root mean square errors between simulated and experimental torques by 56% and 47%, respectively. Moreover, forward simulations lacking short-range stiffness produced unreasonably large joint angle changes during the initial response. Using muscle models accounting for short-range stiffness along with other aspects of history-dependent muscle dynamics may be important to advance our ability to simulate inherently unstable human movements based on principles of neural control and biomechanics. |
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| Keywords: | Posture Muscle dynamics Musculoskeletal modeling Dynamic optimization Forward simulations |
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