Speed,age, sex,and body mass index provide a rigorous basis for comparing the kinematic and kinetic profiles of the lower extremity during walking |
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| Institution: | 1. Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, 1050 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;2. Department of Physical Therapy, East Carolina University, 2410 Health Sciences Building, Greenville, NC 27834, United States;3. Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, 2177 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada;4. School of Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation Science, 32 Campus Drive, Skaggs Building 108, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, United States;1. Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, 800 N State College, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA;2. Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 209 Fetzer Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-8700, USA;3. Curriculum in Human Movement Science, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Bondurant Hall, Suite 3000, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7135, USA;4. Department of Orthopedics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 209 Fetzer Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-8700, USA;5. Division of Physical Therapy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Bondurant Hall, Suite 3000, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7135, USA |
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| Abstract: | The increased use of gait analysis has raised the need for a better understanding of how walking speed and demographic variations influence asymptomatic gait. Previous analyses mainly reported relationships between subsets of gait features and demographic measures, rendering it difficult to assess whether gait features are affected by walking speed or other demographic measures. The purpose of this study was to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the kinematic and kinetic profiles during ambulation that tests for the effect of walking speed in parallel to the effects of age, sex, and body mass index. This was accomplished by recruiting a population of 121 asymptomatic subjects and analyzing characteristic 3-dimensional kinematic and kinetic features at the ankle, knee, hip, and pelvis during walking trials at slow, normal, and fast speeds. Mixed effects linear regression models were used to identify how each of 78 discrete gait features is affected by variations in walking speed, age, sex, and body mass index. As expected, nearly every feature was associated with variations in walking speed. Several features were also affected by variations in demographic measures, including age affecting sagittal-plane knee kinematics, body mass index affecting sagittal-plane pelvis and hip kinematics, body mass index affecting frontal-plane knee kinematics and kinetics, and sex affecting frontal-plane kinematics at the pelvis, hip, and knee. These results could aid in the design of future studies, as well as clarify how walking speed, age, sex, and body mass index may act as potential confounders in studies with small populations or in populations with insufficient demographic variations for thorough statistical analyses. |
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| Keywords: | Kinetics Kinematics Gait analysis Walking speed Demographics |
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