A mutualistic interaction between the bacterium Pseudomonas asplenii and the harmful algal species Chattonella marina (Raphidophyceae) |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea;2. Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea;1. State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China;2. School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China;3. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China;1. College of Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China;2. College of Mechanical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China;3. Chongqing Key Laboratory of Spatial Data Mining and Big Data Integration for Ecology and Environment, Rongzhi College of Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 401320, China;1. Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea;2. Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea;3. Department of Organic and Nano Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea |
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| Abstract: | Several studies on various Chattonella species have reported that bacteria may play an important role in Chattonella bloom initiation, however, no studies have described how these bacteria promote the growth of C. marina. The interaction between C. marina and bacteria was investigated for identification and characterization of potential growth-promoting bacteria. In preliminary tests, the growth promoting effect of Pseudomonas species (25 strains) was investigated and P. asplenii (≥2.27) was determined as a growth-promoting bacteria for both C. marina strains (CCMP 2049 and 2050). This bacterium exerted optimal growth-promoting effects on C. marina, causing an increase in the initial density of P. asplenii to approximately 1 × 107 cells mL−1, which was used as the initial density in this study. To determine whether the growth-promoting activity was direct or indirect, P. asplenii was incubated in the algal media and then a filtrate of this culture was added to both C. marina strains. The P. asplenii filtrate stimulated the growth of C. marina and maintained the growth-promoting effects after high temperature (121 °C for 20 min) and pressure (15 psi) treatment. Thus, P. asplenii is able to promote C. marina growth through the release of a heat-resistant substance, such as inorganic nutrients. A nutrient analysis indicated that this bacterium elevated the phosphate concentration. Interestingly, P. asplenii was unable to survive in phosphate-limited media but could grow in phosphate-limited media incubating C. marina. Moreover, this bacterium could secrete significantly more phosphate in the presence of C. marina (p < 0.0001). These results suggested that P. asplenii and C. marina may have a mutualistic interaction. |
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| Keywords: | Growth-promoting characteristics Mutualistic interaction |
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