Relatedness, phylogeny, and evolution of the fungi |
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Authors: | Junta Sugiyama |
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Institution: | (1) Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1, Yayoi 1 chome, Bunkyo-ku, 113-0032 Tokyo, Japan |
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Abstract: | Recent advances in fungal systematics are reviewed in relation to our previous studies. The usefulness of the integrated analysis
of genotypic (especially 18S rRNA gene sequence comparisons) and phenotypic (especially ultrastructural and chemotaxonomic
data) characters has been emphasized for the major groups and selected taxa of the fungi, and the impact to fungal systematics
and evolution is discussed. Our noteworthy studies and findings are: 1) polyphyly of the chytridiomycetes and zygomycetes,
2) phylogenetic origin of the entomophthoralean fungi includingBasidiobolus, 3) detection of a major new lineage “Archiascomycetes,” comprisingTaphrina, Protomyces andSaitoella, Schizosaccharomyces, andPneumocystis, within the Ascomycota, and its phylogenetic and evolutionary significance, 4) polyphyletic origins of species in the anamorphic
genusGeosmithia, and 5) phylogenetic placement ofMixia osmundae, species correctly and incorrectly assigned to the genusTaphrina, and basidiomyceotus yeasts. The newest 18S rDNA sequence-based neighbor-joining trees of the Ascomycota are demonstrated.
“Traditional studies of evolution have amply demonstrated that evolution at the phenotypic level is characterized by adaptation
and opportunism, irregularity in pace, and inequality of rates among lineages. In contrast, studies of molecular evolution
have revealed quite different features characterized by changes that are conservative in nature, random in pattern (independent
of phenotypic characters), and quite regular in pace with equal rates among diverge sic] lineages for a given protein”. (Kimura, M. 1983. The neutral theory of molecular evolution, pp. 308–309, Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge.)
Recipient of the 2nd Mycological Society of Japan's Excellent Achievement Award, 1998; the awarding lecture was given at the
42nd Annual Meeting of the Mycological Society of Japan, 16 May, 1998, Kyoto University, Kyoto. This review is based mainly
on the publications intended for the Award. |
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Keywords: | 18S rRNA gene sequence archiascomycetes fungal diversity molecular evolution molecular phylogenetics |
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