Specificity of Inhibition of ras-p21 Signal Transduction by Peptides from GTPase Activating Protein (GAP) and the Son-of Sevenless (SOS) ras-Specific Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Protein

In previous studies, involving molecular modeling of wild-type and oncogenic forms of the ras-p21 protein bound to GTPase activating protein GAP and the ras-specific guanine nucleotide exchange-promoting protein, SOS, we identified specific domains of GAP and SOS proteins that differ in conformation when the computed average structures of the corresponding wild-type and oncogenic complexes are superimposed. Additionally, in these previous studies, we have synthesized peptides corresponding to these domains and found that all of them inhibit either or both oncogenic (Val 12-containing) p21- and insulin-activated wild-type p21-induced oocyte maturation. To document further the specificity of the inhibition of these peptides for the ras signal transduction pathway, we have now tested their effects on progesterone-induced maturation that occurs by a ras-independent pathway. None of these peptides, including a peptide corresponding to residues 980–989 of SOS that completely blocks oncogenic p21-induced maturation and also causes extensive inhibition of insulin-induced maturation, affects progesterone-induced maturation, suggesting that all of these peptides are specific for the ras pathway. Since our approach to the design of peptides that can inhibit oncogenic ras-p21 selectively is based on identifying domains that differ in conformation between oncogenic and wild-type complexes, we have now further synthesized peptides that correspond to domains of GAP (residues 903–910) and SOS (residues 792–804) that do not differ in conformation when the average structures are superimposed. These peptides do not inhibit either oncogenic p21- or insulin-induced oocyte maturation, supporting the overall strategy of using peptides from domains that change conformation as the ones most likely to inhibit oncogenic and/or wild-type ras-p21. These results further support the specificity of inhibition of the GAP and SOS peptides from the conformationally distinct domains of both proteins.