柳树新无性系(A42)对富营养水体不同浓度磷的吸收和净化机制

磷是评价水体富营养化的因子之一,也是植物生长必需营养元素,研究速生木本植物对富营养水体中磷的吸收具有重要意义.本研究以旱柳新无性系A42为对象,于2017年7—9月在温室大棚中进行浮床水培试验,研究了旱柳对不同磷营养水平水体(低磷0.1、0.2 mg·L^-1;中磷1.0、2.0 mg·L^-1;高磷10.0 mg·L^-1)的吸收和净化机制.结果表明:旱柳能有效净化水体中的磷营养(21 d达到79%以上),去除量与水体磷浓度呈正相关,但去除率随水体磷浓度增加呈先升高后降低趋势.旱柳可于7 d内将磷浓度为0.1～1 mg·L^-1的富营养水体中磷浓度降低至富营养阈值(0.016～0.032 mg·L^-1).旱柳富集同化的磷含量占水体磷总输入量的29.0%～66.9%,富集同化量与富集同化率分别与水体磷浓度呈正相关和负相关.旱柳在不同磷浓度水体中均能正常生长,根冠比随水体磷浓度下降而显著增加.氮、磷在旱柳体内积累均表现为茎>叶>根,旱柳的氮、磷转运系数均大于3,在高磷浓度水体中,氮磷营养在旱柳的茎部大量积累,氮、磷转运系数分别显著增加至4.53±0.24和4.92±0.62.表明旱柳在不同磷浓度富营养水体中均能正常生长且有良好的净化能力,能够通过富集转运磷营养至地上部来减少二次污染.实际应用中,对于低磷浓度水体,适合做短期净化;对于高磷浓度水体,适合做长期净化.

P absorption and removal mechanism of new Salix clone (A42)on eutrophic water with different P concentrations

Phosphorus is the necessary element for plant growth, and its concentration is one of the main indices for water eutrophication. Hence, it is significant to understand how woody plants purify phosphorus in eutrophic water. The purpose of this study is to reveal the P absorption and removal mechanism of Salix matsudana in eutrophic water with different P concentration. We selected new S. matsudana clone (A42) as experimental material and set three levels of P concentration (low P: 0.1, 0.2 mg·L^-1; medium P: 1.0, 2.0 mg·L^-1, high P: 10.0 mg·L^-1), and the floating bed hydroponic experiment was conducted at the greenhouse from July to September, 2017. We found that S. matsudana efficiently removed P in water (removal rate >79% in 21 days). There was a positive correlation between the removal quantity and P concentration in the water. The removal ratio rose at first and then fell with increasing P. Owing to the purification of S. matsudana, the P concentrations ranging from 0.1 mg·L^-1 to 1.0 mg·L^-1 were reduced to minimum threshold concentration of eutrophication (0.016-0.032 mg·L^-1) in seven days. The percentage of phosphorus input in water that assimilated by S. matsudana ranged from 29.0% to 66.9%. The quantity and ratio of assimilated P were respectively positive and negative relation with P concentration. Salix matsudana adapted to eutrophic water with different P concentrations and normally grew during experiment period, with root-shoot ratio being significantly increased with decreases of water P concentrations. The characteristic of phosphorus distribution in plant organs was: stem> leave>root, while the translocation factors (TF) of nitrogen and phosphorus were both greater than 3. When S. matsudana grew in eutrophic water with high phosphorus concentration, the TF of nitrogen and phosphorus significantly increased to 4.53±0.24 and 4.92±0.62 respectively. Our results indicated that S. matsudanais could purify the eutrophic water and it could normally grow. New clone of S. matsudana could effectively absorb phosphorus in the water and accumulated it in the stem, which could reduce secondary pollution. In conclusion, S. matsudana could be used for a short-term treatment on the eutrophic water with low P concentration, while for the long-term treatment it is adapted to eutrophic water with high phosphorus concentrations.