毛榆孔菌的固体培养、驯化栽培及其纤维素酶活性研究

毛榆孔菌Elmerina hispida在生长过程中分泌出一种很重要的酶——纤维素酶,纤维素酶在工业废水处理、有机颜料脱色等方面具有重要的利用价值。为充分开发利用毛榆孔菌这一野生资源,本研究采用十字画线法测定不同碳源、氮源、pH和温度对毛榆孔菌菌丝生长的影响,从4个单因素试验中选取3个最优水平进行正交试验。研究结果表明,毛榆孔菌菌丝的最适生长碳源是可溶性淀粉,最适生长氮源是酵母膏,最适温度是25℃,最适pH 7.0。驯化栽培的栽培基质为78%木屑,20%麦麸,1%石灰,1%石膏（质量比）,30d左右出现原基,40d以后原基分化,形成子实体。通过测定毛榆孔菌在栽培过程中4个不同时期的纤维素酶,发现酶活力最高可达805.63U/g。本试验成功对毛榆孔菌进行了人工驯化栽培,为该菌进一步的研究和开发提供参考。

Solid incubation,domestic cultivation and cellulase activities of Elmerina hispida

Elmerina hispida is an important mushroom that secretes enzymes used in industrial wastewater treatment and decolorization of organic pigments. Cross-hatch method was used to study the effects of different carbon and nitrogen sources, pH value and temperature on the mycelial growth of the fungus, and three optimal levels were selected from four single factor experiments for orthogonal analysis. The results indicated that soluble starch was the best carbon source, and yeast extract was the best nitrogen source for cultivation of the fungus. Incubation under pH 7.0 and 25°C gave optimal growth of the mycelia. Spawn substrate formula supporting fruiting body formation consisted of 78% sawdust, 20% wheat bran, 1% lime, and 1% gypsum (mass percentage). Primordium formed in 30 days of incubation and mature fruiting body in 40 days. The enzyme of E. hispida was determined at four different stages of cultivation and the highest cellulase activity reached 805.63U/g. This successful experiment provides reference for further research and development of E. hispida domestication.