不同产地杜仲根际土真菌群落结构的差异性分析

基于宏条码技术对采自贵州遵义县、湖南慈利县和四川旺苍县3个杜仲产地根际土壤的真菌群落组成进行了分析。研究获得根际土壤真菌有效序列共10 775条,聚类后OTUs对应的真菌类群涉及子囊菌门Ascomycota、担子菌门Basidiomycota、接合菌门Zygomycota、球囊菌门Glomeromycota、壶菌门Chytridiomycota、类原生动物门Rozellomycota的22纲、59目、103科、108个属的550个真菌分类单元(OTUs)。在属的水平上,湖南慈利样本(ECS)有119个属,优势属为镰刀菌属Fusarium,相对丰度为16.31%,其次是被孢霉属Mortierella(14.67%)、毛壳菌科Chaetomiaceae一未定属(13.01%)和木霉属Trichoderma(11.37%)等。四川旺苍样本(EWS)共有116个属,优势属为丝齿菌属Hyphodontia,相对丰度32.32%,其次为镰刀菌Fusarium(13.41%)等。贵州遵义样本(EZS)有110个属,优势属为被孢霉属Mortierella,相对丰度30.74%,其次是木霉属Trichoderma(25.96%)和镰刀菌属Fusarium(4.85%)等。α多样性分析表明,不同产地杜仲根际土壤真菌群落组成有明显差异。遵义样本(EZS)、慈利样本(ECS)和旺苍样本(EWS)的Shannon多样性指数从高到低为:ECS(2.7661)> EZS(2.4841)>EWS(2.1326)。不同杜仲产区土壤理化因子及4个主要活性成分(松脂醇二葡萄糖苷、绿原酸、京尼平苷酸和京尼平苷)与根际土真菌群落组成的相关性分析表明,4个主要活性成分皆为四川旺苍(EWS)产地含量最高,其次是湖南慈利,贵州遵义最低甚至不含京尼平苷。杜仲根际土壤样品真菌物种组成丰富,不同地区杜仲根际土壤真菌群落组成、分类单元的相对丰度及优势分类单元皆存在不同程度差异。杜仲根际土真菌群落结构的多样性与土壤理化因子及杜仲主要有效成分含量具有一定相关性。杜仲根际土真菌群落组成的结构谱是杜仲道地性的重要特征。

Analyses on fungal community composition of Eucommia ulmoides rhizosphere soil in different areas

Based on macrobarcode technology, the fungal community compositions of the rhizosphere soil of Eucommia ulmoides in three producing areas, Zunyi County of Guizhou Province, Cili County of Hunan Province and Wangcang County of Sichuan Province, were analyzed. A total of 10 775 effective sequences of rhizospheric fungi were obtained. The corresponding fungal group of OTUs after clustering belonged to six phyla (Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Zygomycota, Glomeromycota, Chytridiomycota, Rozellomycota), 22 classes, 59 orders, 103 families, 108 genera and 550 fungal taxa (OTUs). At the generic level, 119 genera were found in samples from Cili Hunan, and the dominant genus was Fusarium with relative abundance of 16.31%, followed by Mortierella (14.67%), an unclassified genus of Chaetomiaceae (13.01%), Trichoderma (11.37%) and so on. There were 116 genera in samples from Wangcang of Sichuan, and the dominant genus was Hyphodontia with relative abundance of 32.32%, followed by Fusarium (13.41%). The samples from Zunyi in Guizhou yielded 110 genera, and the dominant genus was Mortierella with relative abundance of 30.74%, followed by Trichoderma (25.96%) and Fusarium (4.85%). The alpha diversity in rhizosphere soil showed significant differences in the composition of fungal community of Eucommia ulmoides rhizosphere in different habitats. The Shannon indexes of the three samples were arranged from high to low in order of ECS (2.7661) > EZS (2.4841) > EWS (2.1326). Analysis of correlation of the soil physicochemical factors and four main active compounds, rosinol pinoresinol diglucoside, chlorogenic acid, geniposide and geniposide acid, with fungal community showed that EWS has the highest content of active compounds, followed by ECS, and EZS was the lowest and even absence of geniposide. In conclusion, the composition of fungal community, the relative abundance of species and the dominant taxa varied in the rhizosphere soil of Eucommia ulmoides from different regions and was related to soil physicochemical factors and the main active compounds. The structural spectrum of the fungal community composition in the rhizosphere soil is of important feature of geoherbalism of Eucommia ulmoides.