丛枝菌根真菌延长百合切花观赏期作用机制的初步研究

为初步探究丛枝菌根(arbuscularmycorrhizal,AM)真菌促进百合生长并延长瓶插过程中切花观赏期的作用机制,于温室盆栽条件下对百合Lilium brownii进行摩西斗管囊霉Funneliformis mosseae和变形球囊霉Glomusversiforme单一接种或者共同双接种处理。结果表明,共同接种F.mosseae和G.versiforme的百合地上部干重和地下部干重均显著高于不接种对照,分别增加了60%和58%。与不接种对照相比,接种F. mosseae和G. versiforme处理的百合根尖数、根系长度、分叉数、表面积和根系体积分别比对照增加123%、128%、182%、118%和232%。切花瓶插期间,接种AM真菌处理的百合切花水分平衡值和鲜重变化率显著高于对照处理;乙烯释放速率和呼吸速率显著低于对照,瓶插5d时达到乙烯峰值5.4μL/*g·h (FW)+,共同接种F. mosseae和G. versiforme处理的百合切花乙烯释放速率比对照降低30%;呼吸速率则在瓶插1d时达到峰值0.7μL/*g·h (FW)+,共同接种比对照降低37%;百合花瓣内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、可溶性糖含量和可溶性蛋白含量比对照分别提高19%、32%、52%和26%。百合花瓣内N、P、K、Mg、Ca、Fe和Zn含量均显著高于不接种对照处理,Mn和Cr含量则低于对照;共同接种处理的百合瓶插寿命增加了3d,最佳观赏时间比对照延长2d。结论认为共同接种F. mosseae和G. versiforme处理更加有效地改善切花花枝的水分平衡、营养状况与生理代谢,控制衰老激素的合成,从而延长百合切花的瓶插寿命和最佳观赏期。

A preliminary study on the mechanism of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi prolonging the ornamental period of lily cut flowers

The functionary mechanism of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on the growth and lengthening the ornamental period of Lilium brownii post-harvest cut flowers in vase was investigated. The lily plants were inoculated with AM fungi Funneliformis mosseae, Glomus versiforme and F. mosseae+G. versiforme (Fm+Gv) under greenhouse pot culturing conditions. The results showed that Fm+Gv inoculation resulted in the increase of dry weight of ground part and root of the plants, reaching 60% and 58% respectively as compared with the uninoculated control. The tip number, length, branching number, surface area and volume of lily root increased by 123%, 128%, 182%, 118% and 232% respectively over the uninoculated control. The water balance and fresh weight change rate of lily cut flowers with AM fungal treatment were significantly higher than those of the control, and the release rate and respiration rate of ethylene significantly decreased, reached the peak of 5.4μL/[g·h (FW)] at day 5. Compared with the control, the ethylene release rate of lily cut flowers treated with Fm+Gv was decreased by 30%, and respiratory rate reached up to 0.7μL/[g·h(FW)] in 1d, 37% lower as compared with the control. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in lily petals increased by 19%, and the catalase (CAT) activity increased by 32%; the soluble sugar content increased by 52% and the soluble protein content increased by 26%. The content of N, P, K, Mg, Ca, Fe and Zn in the flaps were significantly higher than that in the flaps of non-inoculation treatment, while the content of Mn and Cr was lower than that in the control. The vase life of lily prolonged for three days, and the best viewing period two days or longer. The conclusion is that the simultaneous inoculation treatment of F. mosseae+G. versiforme can effectively improve the water balance, nutritional status and physiological metabolism of cut flower branches, control the synthesis of senescence hormone and prolong the life and viewing period of lily cut flower.