黑线仓鼠的食物与食量

作者从1983年至1989年,在河北省三个不同的气候区,对农田中的黑线仓鼠(Cricetulus,bara-bensis)的食物与食量进行了调查。结果表明,黑线仓鼠主要取食农作物种子。同时取食草籽和根、茎、叶、花、果实及动物性食物。不同地区、不同作物地、不同季节和年度、不同性别鼠的食物差异显著。食物差异与鼠的种群繁值及数量动态有关。月夹捕率与颊囊中食物的总检出率和种子检出率正相关非常显著。直线回归方程式分别为y=38.388+2.866x n=60 r=0.343>r_(0.01)=0.325和y=29.734+2.669x r=0.394>r_(0.01360)=0.325。黑线仓鼠对食物的选择,主要受到食物质量的影响,同时也受到食物频度、作物的物候变化、动物的群落结构、种群密度、种内与种间竞争等多种因素的综合影响。在不同的时间和栖息地影响它食物选择的主要因素不同。日食量4-5g。

FOOD PREFERENCE AND CONSUMPTION OF STRIPED HAMSTERS(CR1CETULUS BARABENSIS)

Striped hamster is a common species of rodents in the farmland of north China. The investigation on food preference and food consumption of striped hamsters was carried out in the farmland area in Hebei province, China during 1983-1989.According to the occurrence frequency of food carried in cheek pouches per hundred individuals, striped hamsters mainly ate crop seeds, at the sometime also consumed grass seeds, roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and animals. Daily food consumption averaged 4-5g. Wheat was grown in the field more than other crops, but striped hamsters consumed peanut most, and wheat second.This study showed that there was considerable seasonal disparity in their feeding propensities. They took peanut as thir major food in spring and winter, wheat in summer. They ate animals in spring and summer more than in autumn and winter. It showed that striped hamsters ate animals in the reproductive period more than in other periods. They ate green vegetation in spring more than other seasons. Seasonal changes in the diets of striped hamster were the responses to the change of food resources provided by vegetation, insects and so on.The frequency of seeds, roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and animals carried in cheek pouches of the females was more than that of the males. This is a strategy that can maximize reproductive effort and survival of the young.The striped hamsters preferred the kind of food which contained higher quantities of proteins. The nutrient content of the food was the principal factor influencing the food selection of the striped hamsters. The availability of food could also influence the food selection of striped hamsters.