2017-2019年某某医院ICU患者痰液病原菌分布及耐药性分析

摘要 目的：探究医院ICU患者痰液病原菌分布，并就其耐药性进行分析，以期为临床经验性选择抗生素治疗提供必要的细菌学依据。方法：选择2017年1月至2019年12月于北京中医医院顺义医院入住ICU的84例患者为研究对象，采集其痰液标本，并实施细菌学培养和药敏学试验。结果：（1）84例患者合计提取菌株91种，其中G^-杆菌45种，占比49.45 %，G⁺菌36种，占比39.56 %，真菌10种，占比10.99 %；（2）分析显示亚胺培南对G^-杆菌的敏感性较好，万古霉素对G⁺菌的敏感性较好，尚未发现耐万古霉素的肠球菌和葡萄球菌出现。结论：ICU患者痰液病原菌类型较多，其中以G^-杆菌为主，病原菌呈现多重耐药性，亚胺培南对G^-杆菌敏感性较好，万古霉素对G⁺菌敏感性较好。

Distribution and Drug Resistance Analysis of Sputum Pathogens in ICU Patients in a Hospital from 2017 to 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: To explore the distribution of pathogenic bacteria in sputum of patients with ICU in hospitals and analyze their drug resistance in order to provide the necessary bacteriological basis for clinical empirical antibiotic selection. Methods: Eighty-four patients who were admitted to an ICU in a certain hospital from January 2017 to December 2019 were selected as the research subjects, sputum samples were collected, and bacteriological culture and drug sensitivity tests were performed. Results: (1) A total of 91 strains were extracted from 84 patients, of which 45 were G^-bacteria, accounting for 49.45 %, 36 were G⁺ bacteria, accounting for 39.56 %, and 10 were fungi, accounting for 10.99 %. (2) Analysis showed that Imipenem has better sensitivity to G^-bacteria, and vancomycin has better sensitivity to G⁺ bacteria. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci and staphylococci have not been found. Conclusion: There are many types of pathogenic bacteria in sputum of ICU patients. Among them, G^-bacteria are the main pathogens. The pathogens show multiple drug resistance. Imipenem has good sensitivity to G^-bacteria and vancomycin has good sensitivity to G⁺.