成人胫骨平台骨折的流行病学特征及其变化趋势的回顾性研究

摘要 目的：回顾性研究成人胫骨平台骨折的流行病学特征及其变化趋势。方法：以我院2014年1月至2019年12月期间收治的1193例成人胫骨平台骨折患者为调查研究对象，根据患者收治的时间将患者分为A组(2014年1月~2015年12月收治，n=369)、B组(2016年1月~2017年12月收治，n=394)、C组(2018年1月~2019年12月收治，n=430)。对三组患者进行统一的问卷调查，并对三组患者的年龄、职业、致伤原因、骨折分型进行归纳统计，分析探讨成人胫骨平台骨折的流行病学特征及其变化趋势。结果：2014年~2019年成人胫骨平台骨折总体流行病学特征：男性患者数量多于女性患者，年龄主要在40~59岁，以从事体力劳动患者居多，骨折致伤原因中主要以交通事故和室内活动跌倒损伤为主，骨折Schatzker分型中以II型、IV型为主。三组年龄对比有差异性，年龄有逐年升高的趋势(P<0.05)。三组性别比例有显著性差异，男女性别比例差异在逐年缩小(P<0.05)。三组患者在职业类型方面也有显著性差异（P<0.05），但均以体力劳动者居多。在致伤原因中，A组患者以交通事故致伤为主，C组患者以室内活动跌倒损伤为主，组间对比有显著差异(P<0.05)。在骨折分型中，A组以IV型为主，C组以II型为主(P<0.05)。结论：2014年至2019年成人胫骨平台骨折中男性较多，年龄以40~59岁为主，体力劳动者为高发职业，交通事故和室内活动跌倒损伤是最常见的致伤原因，好发骨折分型为Schatzker II型、IV型。变化趋势表现为骨折发病人数逐年上升，发病年龄有老龄化趋势，致伤原因和骨折分型也在逐渐变化。

Retrospective Study on Epidemiological Characteristics and Change Trend of Tibial Plateau Fractures in Adults

ABSTRACT Objective: To retrospectively analyze the epidemiological characteristics and change trend of tibial plateau fractures in adults. Methods: 1193 adult patients with adult tibial plateau fractures who were admitted in Sichuan orthopedic hospital from January 2014 to December 2019 were selected as the research objects, they were divided into A group (admitted from January 2014 to December 2015, n=369), B group (admitted from January 2016 to December 2017, n=394) and C group (admitted from January 2018 to December 2019, n=430). The patients in the three groups were investigated with a unified questionnaire, and the age, occupation, causes of injury, fracture types of the three groups were summarized and statistically analyzed, the epidemiological characteristics and change trend of adult tibial plateau fractures were analyzed and discussed. Results: The general epidemiological characteristics of adult tibial plateau fractures from 2014 to 2019: The number of male patients was more than that of female, the main age was 40-59 years old, most patients of them were engaged in physical labor, the main causes of fracture injury were traffic accidents and indoor falling injury, the Schatzker types of fracture were mainly type II and type IV. There were differences in age among the three groups, and the age tended to increase year by year (P<0.05). There were significant differences in sex ratio among the three groups, and the difference of sex ratio between male and female was narrowing year by year (P<0.05). There were also significant differences in occupational types among the three groups (P<0.05), but most of them were manual workers. In the cause of injury, A group was mainly caused by traffic accident, while C group was mainly caused by indoor activity fall. There was significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). In the fracture classification, A group was mainly type IV, C group was mainly type II (P<0.05). Conclusion: There are more males with adult tibial plateau fractures from 2014 to 2019, mainly aged from 40 to 59, manual labor is a high incidence occupation, traffic accidents and falling injuries caused by indoor activities are the most common causes, the most common fracture classifications are Schatzker type II and type IV. The change trend is that the number of patients with fracture is increasing year by year, the age of onset is aging, the cause of injury and fracture classification are also gradually changing.