角膜生物力学的测量及临床应用进展

摘要：角膜是重要的屈光间质，约占眼光学系统总屈光力的70％；因其特殊的生理结构，可表现出复杂的生物力学性质。随着近年来科学技术的进步，用于测量角膜生物力学的方法也在不断更新，获得的生物力学参数也更加精确。越来越多的国内外研究团队将对角膜生物力学的研究同临床相结合，发现当角膜形态发生变化时，其生物力学参数也会发生相应的改变。因此，可以通过对患者角膜生物力学的测量来判断病变的发展程度，也可以根据所测得的力学参数来进行手术设计，甚至可以初判患者的愈后情况。但在角膜生物力学方面的研究仍缺乏深度，对其与部分临床疾病的联系仍缺乏充分的认知，仍需探讨如何将角膜生物力学检查更好地服务于临床。本文将对角膜生物力学的离体、活体测量方法及其目前在圆锥角膜、青光眼、翼状胬肉、屈光不正及屈光不正的矫正等临床方面的应用研究作一综述。

Progress in Measurement and Clinical Application of Corneal Biomechanics

ABSTRACT: The corneal is an important refractive stroma, which accounts for 70% of the refractive power of the eye optical system. The complex biomechanical properties can be shown because of its special physiological structure. With the progress of technology in recent years, the methods used to measure corneal biomechanics are constantly updated, and the biomechanical parameters obtained are more accurate. More and more research teams at home and abroad combine the research on corneal biology with clinic, and find that when the corneal morphology changes, the biomechanical parameters will change accordingly. Therefore, we can judge the development of the disease by measuring the corneal biomechanics of the patients, and can also design the operation according to the measured mechanical parameters, and even preliminarily judge the prognosis of the patients. However, researches on corneal biomechanics are still lack of depth, and still lack sufficient understanding of its relationship with some clinical diseases. It is still need to explore how to better serve the clinical practice of corneal biomechanical examination. In this article, the measurement methods of corneal biomechanics in vitro and in vivo, and the recent researches on clinical applications of corneal biomechanics, like keratoconus, glaucoma, pterygium, ametropia and correction of ametropia are briefly reviewed.