Microcolonial fungi from antique marbles in Perge/Side/Termessos (Antalya/Turkey) |
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Authors: | Hacer??Sert Hüseyin?Sümbül Katja?Sterflinger |
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Institution: | (1) Austrian Center of Biological Resources and Applied Mycology (ACBR), University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A 1190 Vienna, Austria;(2) Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, Akdeniz University, TR-07058 Antalya, Turkey |
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Abstract: | In this study rock surfaces of archaeological sites in Antalya were investigated with a focus on black fungi for the first
time. Black, meristematic fungi were isolated from surfaces of antique marble monuments in Antalya (Side, Perge, Termessos).
Their morphology was characterized, their diversity was documented and the taxonomy and phylogeny of new isolates was clarified
based on molecular methods, that is, by sequencing parts of the small ribosomal subunit (18S) and internal transcribed spacer
(ITS) regions. From a total of around 250 samples 99 different fungal strains were isolated. In most of 99 strains the rDNA
sequencing data and the lack of homologies in “Genbank” gave strong evidence that these strains have to be described as new
species/subspecies and/or genera. All of them, however, clustered within the ascomycete orders of Dothideales, Chaetothyriales, and Pleosporales. Field studies show that these organisms cause color changes, black spots, crater shaped lesions as well as chipping and
exfoliation of the rock surfaces in Antalya and thus they have to be regarded as a serious threat to the antique cultural
heritage in Turkey. |
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Keywords: | Biopitting Bio-deterioration Historical monuments Molecular taxonomy Rock-inhabiting fungi |
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