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A genomic analysis of the archaeal system Ignicoccus hospitalis-Nanoarchaeum equitans |
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| Authors: | Mircea Podar Iain Anderson Kira S Makarova James G Elkins Natalia Ivanova Mark A Wall Athanasios Lykidis Kostantinos Mavromatis Hui Sun Matthew E Hudson Wenqiong Chen Cosmin Deciu Don Hutchison Jonathan R Eads Abraham Anderson Fillipe Fernandes Ernest Szeto Alla Lapidus Nikos C Kyrpides Milton H Saier Jr Paul M Richardson Reinhard Rachel Harald Huber Jonathan A Eisen Eugene V Koonin Martin Keller Karl O Stetter |
| Affiliation: | 1. Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, 37831, Oak Ridge, TN, USA 2. DOE Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, 94598, Walnut Creek, CA, USA 3. National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 8600 Rockville Pike, 20894, Bethesda, MD, USA 4. Verenium Corporation, 4955 Directors Place, 92121, San Diego, CA, USA 8. College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1101 W Peabody Dr., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA 9. Biology Department, San Diego State University, 5500, Campanile Drive San Diego, CA, 92182, USA 10. Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, 91320, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA 5. Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, 92037, La Jolla, CA, USA 6. Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie und Archaeenzentrum, Universit?t Regensburg, Universit?tstra?e 31, Regensburg, D-93053, Germany 7. Genome Center, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA |
| Abstract: | BackgroundThe relationship between the hyperthermophiles Ignicoccus hospitalis and Nanoarchaeum equitans is the only known example of a specific association between two species of Archaea. Little is known about the mechanisms that enable this relationship.ResultsWe sequenced the complete genome of I. hospitalis and found it to be the smallest among independent, free-living organisms. A comparative genomic reconstruction suggests that the I. hospitalis lineage has lost most of the genes associated with a heterotrophic metabolism that is characteristic of most of the Crenarchaeota. A streamlined genome is also suggested by a low frequency of paralogs and fragmentation of many operons. However, this process appears to be partially balanced by lateral gene transfer from archaeal and bacterial sources.ConclusionsA combination of genomic and cellular features suggests highly efficient adaptation to the low energy yield of sulfur-hydrogen respiration and efficient inorganic carbon and nitrogen assimilation. Evidence of lateral gene exchange between N. equitans and I. hospitalis indicates that the relationship has impacted both genomes. This association is the simplest symbiotic system known to date and a unique model for studying mechanisms of interspecific relationships at the genomic and metabolic levels. |
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