Infections of Nosema ceranae in four different honeybee species |
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Authors: | Veeranan Chaimanee Panuwan Chantawannakul |
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Affiliation: | a Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand b Center of Excellence in Entomology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand c Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA |
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Abstract: | The microsporidium Nosema ceranae is detected in honeybees in Thailand for the first time. This endoparasite has recently been reported to infect most Apis mellifera honeybee colonies in Europe, the US, and parts of Asia, and is suspected to have displaced the endemic endoparasite species, Nosema apis, from the western A. mellifera. We collected and identified species of microsporidia from the European honeybee (A. mellifera), the cavity nesting Asian honeybee (Apis cerana), the dwarf Asian honeybee (Apis florea) and the giant Asian honeybee (Apis dorsata) from colonies in Northern Thailand. We used multiplex PCR technique with two pairs of primers to differentiate N. ceranae from N. apis. From 80 A. mellifera samples, 62 (77.5%) were positively identified for the presence of the N. ceranae. Amongst 46 feral colonies of Asian honeybees (A. cerana, A. florea and A. dorsata) examined for Nosema infections, only N. ceranae could be detected. No N. apis was found in our samples. N. ceranae is found to be the only microsporidium infesting honeybees in Thailand. Moreover, we found the frequencies of N. ceranae infection in native bees to be less than that of A. mellifera. |
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Keywords: | Apis mellifera Asian honeybee Nosema ceranae Nosema apis Microsporidia |
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