Les industries lithiques moustériennes de la Baume Moula-Guercy (Soyons,Ardèche). Fouilles 1993–1999

The Moula-Guercy cave is located in southeastern France in the middle part and on the west bank of the Rhone valley, 80 meters above the Pleistocene Rhone River between the Ardeche Mountains and the western part of the Alps. Excavations spanning from 1993–1999 have yielded 2595 lithic artefacts out of which over 92% are coming from the four main layers (lV, VIII, XIV and XV) corresponding to the seasonal hunting site. The stratigraphic sequence is exclusively Middle Paleolithic. Paleontological and geological analysis led to the division of the sequence into 19 layers grouped into three climatic phases corresponding to isotope stages 4 to 6. The layer XV unearthed the remains of 6 cannibalized Neanderthals: children, adolescents, and adults. The study of the lithic assemblages highlights two distinct sets corresponding to layers IV–VIII and XIV–XV. This probably indicates that the same territory was travelled by two human groups with different technical traditions ten thousands years apart in very different climatic and ecological contexts. This study is also questioning whether the discoid debitage (sensu Bordes) should be part of the Levallois philosophy.