Cultivation of genetically modified organisms: resource needs for monitoring adverse effects on biodiversity |
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Authors: | Dirk S Schmeller Klaus Henle |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Conservation Biology, UFZ—Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany;(2) Station d’Ecologie Expérimentale du CNRS à Moulis, USR 2936, 09200 Saint Girons, France |
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Abstract: | Genetically modified organisms (GMO) in non-European countries are introduced into the agro-environment on large scale with
little knowledge of adverse effects on biodiversity. In the European Union (EU) possible effects of GMOs on biodiversity have
to be accurately and precisely monitored. Monitoring biodiversity with a high precision is expensive and may only be achieved
in close cooperation between GMO monitoring and general biodiversity monitoring. The EuMon project sampled metadata on biodiversity
monitoring in Europe. Basing on the metadata, we estimated resource needs for biodiversity monitoring as needed for detecting
potential adverse effects of GMOs on biodiversity. On average the analyzed schemes with a potential to detect at least a 5%
change of biodiversity monitor 242.6 ± 105.4 sites at 322.6 ± 172.1 person days employing 63 ± 23 persons per year. The time
invested in monitoring, given as person days, however, differed greatly between schemes and species groups, so that real manpower
might be considerably higher. |
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Keywords: | Biodiversity monitoring Genetically modified organisms Costs Manpower GMO monitoring |
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